高校创新产出及其驱动因子的空间分异：基于ESDA--GWR的实证

Spatial Heterogeneity of University Innovation Output and Its Driving Factors:An Empirical Study Based on ESDA—GWR

摘要:

基于省(市、自治区)级截面数据,利用ESDA空间自相关方法分析了2008-2017年我国高校创新产出的空间分异特征。在此基础上,运用地理加权回归模型(GWR)探讨了高校创新产出驱动因子的空间异质性。结果表明：①高校创新产出空间差异明显,且空间差异呈整体发散、局部趋同态势。②通过空间自相关性分析进一步证明高校创新产出的空间集聚特征显著,空间集聚程度呈倒“U”型走势,近些年聚集效应总体增强；高校创新产出低—低聚集型主要分布在新疆、西藏地区,高—高聚集型和低—高聚集型具有较明显的时空演进特征；分学科类型来看,理工农医类高校创新产出与总体创新产出的空间集聚特征趋同。③影响因素方面,地区R＆D人员数、技术市场活跃度对高校创新产出具有正向促进作用,但各自变量指标回归系数空间差异较大,由东向西逐渐递减。人力资本水平对高校创新产出具有负效应。为此,从区域整体、创新人才、技术市场三个层面提出提升高校创新产出的政策启示。

Abstract:

Based on the sectional data of provinces,mulicipality directly under the Central Government and autonomous regions,this paper analyzes the spatial characteristics of university innovation output from 2008 to 2017 by using the exploratory spatial data analysis methods.On this basis,we used the geographical weighted regression model to discuss the spatial heterogeneity of the driving factors. Results indicate that the spatial differences of university innovation output are obvious,with the trend of overall divergence and local convergence. Through the exploratory spatial data analysis, it is further proved that the spatial differences of university innovation output are significant, and the spatial agglomeration degree shows an inverted u-shaped trend, which is generally enhanced in recent years.Provinces with the low-low aggregation type of university innovation output are concentrated in Xinjiang and Tibet.The high-high aggregation type and the low-high aggregation type have obvious spatio-temporal evolution characteristics.Moreover,from the perspective of subject type,only the spatial agglomeration characteristics of innovation output of science, engineering, agricultural and medical universities are similar to the overall innovation output.In terms of the determinants,the number of regional R＆D personnel and the activity of technology market have a positive effect on the university innovation output,but the the index’s regression coefficient has an obvious spatial differentiation, which gradually decreases from east to west. The level of human capital has a negative effect on the university innovation output. Therefore, this paper puts forward the policy and inspirations for improving the university innovation output from the three levels of whole region, innovative talents and technology market.