中国制造业创新能力的行业特征与绩效*——基于中美比较视角

Industry Characteristics and Performance of China

摘要:

制造业创新能力是国家科技创新的基石。基于中美制造业分行业数据,综合运用统计分析、聚类分析和格兰杰因果检验的计量方法,比较研究了中美制造业的行业结构和绩效特征。研究发现,我国高技术制造业所处发展阶段还落后于美国,高技术制造行业以传统装备制造和医药制造为主,研发投入强度仅相当于美国中低技术行业的研发投入强度水平,信息产业技术研发投入和积累不足。高技术和中高技术制造业行业技术成果的经济产出效益显著,而研发投入的经济效益不显著,相比美国制造业的研发投入、经济效益和市场竞争力良性循环的创新体系还有较大差距。最后就提升我国制造业研发投入和科技产出绩效给出了建议。

Abstract:

Manufacturing innovation is the cornerstone of national science and technology innovation. Based on the data of Chinese and American manufacturing industries, this paper uses statistical analysis, cluster analysis and Granger causal relation test to comparatively study the industrial structure and performance characteristics of Chinese and American manufacturing innovation capability. It’s found that China"s high-tech manufacturing industry is still behind the United States in its development stage. The high-tech manufacturing industry is dominated by traditional equipment manufacturing and pharmaceutical manufacturing, and their R D intensity is only equivalent to the level of US medium-low technology industry, with insufficient investment in R D. The economic output benefits of the technological achievements in the high-tech and medium-high manufacturing industries are significant, but the economic benefits of R D investment are not significant. Compared with the virtuous cycle of the US manufacturing industry, China’s manufacturing innovation system development of R D investment, economic benefits and market competitiveness is larger lagged behind. Finally, suggestions are given to improve China"s manufacturing R D input and technology output performance.