影响国际科研合作效果的重要因素初探——文献计量学视角

A Preliminary Study on Key Factors Affecting the Effect of International Scientific Collaboration: A Perspective of Bibliometrics

摘要:

国际科研合作在科学研究中具有不可替代的作用,但并非凡是国际合作都能产生积极效果。在资源有限的情况下,如何充分发挥国际合作的作用,是科研人员和科研管理者关注的重要问题。本文将从文献计量学视角,以世界最大两个论文产出国(中国和美国)发表的化学论文为对象,从合作程度和合作特征(包括合作对象、合作规模、主导性)两大维度,应用描述性统计和回归分析方法,探讨国际合作论文中不同因素与引用影响的关系。结果表明,美国是全球化学国际合作论文的首要贡献国,国际合作论文数量和份额增长迅速,中国国际合作论文的数量和全球份额快速增长并接近美国,但国际合作率却低于美国；中美两国互为彼此的第一大合作伙伴,且均主要与科学发达国家合作；中国的合作主导性较强且不断提升,美国的情形则相反。此外,合作对象、合作规模、主导性对国际合作效果均有一定影响：两国与主要合作伙伴国的合作均可产生积极效果,合作规模对美国国际合作论文的引用影响有提升作用,中国主导论文的引用影响低于非本国主导的论文,而美国主导论文的引用影响却高于他国主导的论文。

Abstract:

International scientific collaboration is of significance to addressing scientific challenges; although not all international collaboration is beneficial. Therefore, in view of limited resources, how to fully exert influence of international collaboration is one of the focus of scientific researchers and administrative researchers. From the perspective of bibliometrics, this paper investigates how factors like degree and features (partners, scale, and dominance) of collaboration affect the citation impact of international collaboration using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Articles published by China and the US – the largest scientific producers in the world – in Chemistry are used for analysis. The US takes the absolute lead in international collaboration in either quantity or relative share of publications. International collaboration of China has grown fast and is approaching to that of the US in terms of absolute number and global share, but with a lower rate of international collaboration than the US. Both countries are very selective in choosing collaboration partners. Leading scientific countries are their major partners. China and the US are the biggest partners of each other. In terms of collaboration dominance measured as first or corresponding author in international collaboration, that of China is higher and increasing, while US is the opposite case. Moreover, partners, scales of collaboration, and dominance of China or US affect the citation impact of international collaboration. Collaborating with major partners do help enhance the citation impact of both countries; larger group of countries in international collaboration positively affects the citation impact of US international collaboration; citation impact of publications dominated by Chinese authors are lower than those not dominated by Chinese authors, while US-dominated articles show higher impact. Discussion and policy suggestions are provided.