我国海洋蓝碳交易机制及其制度创新研究

Research on China

摘要:

我国海洋蓝碳市场建设正处于试点阶段,蓝碳标准体系建设以及与之相关联的海洋生态工程建设和海洋科技创新均离不开体系完备的蓝碳交易机制。通过对蓝碳相关理论一手文献的分析,明确蓝碳交易的研究进展。基于国际国内双重视角,运用归纳分析及学科交叉等方法,研究梳理国际蓝碳议题的发展现状以及我国蓝碳建设的实践历程,发现既有制度存在海洋生态系统服务付费制度推进缓慢、交易各环节的市场监管及环境监管机制尚不健全等现实困境。研究结果表明,建立以持续发展为导向的蓝碳交易市场,应当以自然科学原理、陆海统筹等理论为指引,科学控制蓝碳交易配额总量并进行初始化分配,在中央与地方蓝碳专门保护立法统筹推进保障下,通过设立专门的蓝碳基金及保险制度,引入综合性海洋蓝碳环境影响评价和生态补偿等制度配套,构建符合我国国情的蓝碳交易实施机制。

Abstract:

China"s marine blue carbon market construction is in the pilot stage. The construction of blue carbon standard system and the related marine ecological engineering construction and marine science and technology innovation are inseparable from the complete blue carbon trading mechanism. Through the analysis of the first-hand literature related to blue carbon theory, the research progress of blue carbon trading is clarified. Based on the international and domestic perspectives, this paper uses inductive analysis and interdisciplinary methods to study and sort out the development status of international blue carbon issues and the practice process of blue carbon construction in China. It is found that there are practical difficulties in the existing system, such as slow promotion of marine ecosystem service payment system, imperfect market supervision and environmental supervision mechanism in all aspects of trading. The results show that the establishment of sustainable development oriented blue carbon trading market should be guided by the principles of natural science, land and sea co-ordination theory, scientific control of the total amount of blue carbon trading quota and initial allocation, under the protection of the central and local special blue carbon protection legislation, through the establishment of a special blue carbon fund and insurance system, the introduction of comprehensive marine blue carbon ring environmental impact assessment and ecological compensation and other systems should be set up to build a blue carbon trading implementation mechanism in line with China"s national conditions.