资源配置失衡对高校科研效率的影响研究

Exploring the effect of resource misallocation on the basic research efficiency

摘要:

尽管中国的基础研究水平已经取得了骄人的成绩,但背后隐藏着资源配置失衡的严重问题。本文通过2009-2016年中国各地高等学校科研活动的数据,建立包含超越对数知识生产函数随机前沿分析模型,考察了科研资源配置失衡等因素对科研效率的影响效果,并对中国各地科研效率进行测算与分析。通过研究我们发现：中国大陆高等学校的科研效率总体呈现不断下降的趋势；具有较多科研经费投入的东部地区反而科研效率较低,表现出明显的“科研资源诅咒”现象,而西部地区的科研效率相对较高；各个省、市和自治区的科研效率差异较大；科研资源配置失衡降低了科研资源的使用效率,也进一步阻碍了科研效率的提升。因此,国家应该避免一刀切的政策,根据各地的科研特征,给予科研效率更高的地区更多的科研经费资助,以不断提升中国的高校科研水平。

Abstract:

Although the basic research in China has made remarkable achievements, there are serious problems behind e.g., uneven distribution of resources. In this paper, based on the data of R D activities in Chinese c universities over 2009-2016, we established a stochastic frontier analysis model containing the translog knowledge production function, investigated the effects of factors (imbalance allocation of research resources) on research efficiency, and estimated the research efficiency in 31 provincial-level regions of Mainland China. We found that the overall research efficiency in Chinese Mainland universities has been declining. Eastern regions with more investment on scientific research demonstrate low research efficiency, showing an obvious phenomenon of “research resources curse”, while the research efficiency is relatively high in the western regions with less investment on scientific research. The research efficiency varies greatly among different regions. The imbalance allocation of research resources reduces the utilization efficiency of research resources, and further reduces the research efficiency of universities. Therefore, the government should avoid “one size fits all” policy and give higher research funds to the regions with higher research efficiency in order to improve the basic research level of China.