Abstract:Abstract: Implementing an innovation-driven development strategy and achieving high-quality economic and social development is a new mission given by the new era. This paper selects the time series data and panel data of Gansu, Ningxia and Guizhou from 2005 to 2018 to analyze the differences in regional innovation capabilities. The results show that: First of all, the Theil Index shows that the regional innovation capabilities of the three provinces have a slight expansion trend in spatial distribution; the convergence of σ indicates that the regional innovation capabilities of the three provinces are generally divergent in the trend of change. Secondly, innovation basic activities and efficiency will have an impact on regional innovation capabilities, and innovation efficiency is related to factors such as the unique industrial structure of each region and the quality of industry-university-research linkages. Finally, innovation ability has a restraining effect on the total factor productivity of the three provinces, and has a significant positive effect on the development of high-tech industries and economic growth.