科技创新与科技创业的“本地-邻地”就业效应研究

Local-Neighborhood Effect of Technological Innovation and Technological Entrepreneurship on Employment

摘要:

文章基于中国2007—2018年的省级面板数据，利用空间杜宾模型比较了在独立和协同两种情景中科技创新与科技创业的“本地-邻地”就业效应，并考察了科技创新与科技创业在不同门槛约束下对就业的差异性影响。结果表明：（1）科技创新对本地和经济距离邻近地区就业具有促进作用；但科技创业未能对本地和邻地就业产生显著影响；（2）科技创新与科技创业的协同对本地就业存在积极作用，且能同时带动地理距离和经济距离邻近地区的就业；（3）科技创新和科技创业的就业效应分别存在单一和三重门槛效应，即提高科技创新水平能够强化科技创业对就业促进作用，而提高科技创业水平能够抑制科技创新对就业的破坏作用。因此，应强化科技创新与科技创业的深度融合，以区域互促共进扩大两者带动就业的范围和程度，从创业环境、制度设计等方面支持科技创业规模和质量的提高。

Abstract:

Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2007 to 2018, this paper compares the effects of technological innovation and technological entrepreneurship on local and neighboring employment in independent and synergy scenarios, individually, adopting the spatial Durbin model, and then nonlinear effects of technological innovation and technological entrepreneurship on employment are investigated. The results show that: (1) Technological innovation promotes employment in local region and neighboring regions with similar economic; but technological entrepreneurship fails to have significant effects on local and neighboring employment. (2) The synergy between technological innovation and technological entrepreneurship has positive effects on both local and neighboring employment. (3) The effects of technological innovation and technological entrepreneurship have single threshold effect and triple threshold effect on employment, respectively: the promotion of technological innovation can enhance the positive employment effect of technological entrepreneurship, while the promotion of technological entrepreneurship can turn the negative effect of technological innovation on employment into positive effect. Therefore, the integration of technological innovation and technological entrepreneurship should be strengthened; then the regional cooperation should be adopted to enhance the space spillover effects of technological innovation and technological entrepreneurship; lastly, the level and quality of technological entrepreneurship should be improved by the optimization of entrepreneurial environment and system.