“十二五”以来中国创新政策效果评价与政策启示

Evaluation on the Effectiveness of Science and Technology Innovation Policy - Review of Science and Technology Innovation Policy since the 12th Five-Year Plan

摘要:

创新政策是创新型国家建设的重要推动力量，检验近年创新政策实施效果，对制定“十四五”创新政策有重要的参考价值。构建过程导向的因子理想关联评价模型和结果导向的三阶段DEA效率评价模型，对“十二五”以来的创新政策效果做评估，发现2010-2018年科技创新政策整体是有效的，但主要影响因子存在地区差距较大、有效性波动等问题；政策效果出现东西差距缩小、南北差距拉大、东北明显落后、中西部依赖性强等特点；创新效率由中心城市到经济圈再到其他地区递减。“十四五”创新政策要平衡地区差距，进一步推进政策市场化；推进东部地区形成科技人才与平台双向反哺，加大中西部地区人才投入力度和偏移度，发挥中心城市的辐射作用，优化东北和西部地区的创新环境；建立产学研自循环创新体系，以提高创新投入的利用效率。

Abstract:

Innovation policy is an important driving force for building an innovation-oriented country. Testing the implementation effect of innovation policy in recent years has an important reference value for the formulation of innovation policy in the 14th Five-Year Plan period. A process-oriented ideal correlation evaluation model for factors and a result-oriented three-stage DEA efficiency evaluation model were constructed to evaluate the effect of innovation policies since the 12th Five-Year Plan period. It was found that the science and technology innovation policies from 2010 to 2018 were effective as a whole, but the main impact factors had large regional gaps and fluctuating effectiveness. The effect of the policy is characterized by narrowing the gap between the East and the West, widening the gap between the North and the South, obvious backwardness in the Northeast and strong dependence in the Midwest. Innovation efficiency decreases from the central city to the economic circle and then to other regions. The innovation policy of the 14th Five-Year Plan should balance the regional gap and further promote the marketization of the policy. We encourage the eastern region to foster two-way feedback between scientific and technological personnel and the platform, increase investment and migration to talents in the Midwest, give play to the role of central cities, and improve the innovation environment in the Northeast and Western. To improve the utilization efficiency of innovation input, we should establish the industry-university-research self-circulation innovation system