国内四大城市“双创”政策分析

Policy Analysis of Innovative Entrepreneurship Policies among the Four Tier 1 Cities

摘要:

为了对中央政府及核心城市群施行科学有效的“双创”政策提出参考性建议，本文在总结回顾“双创”政策、城市群与政策文本分析等相关文献的基础上，以部分地方政府对“双创”政策的关注特征为切入点，收集了国内四大城市——北京、上海、广州及深圳自2015年到2019年共245份“双创”政策文本，通过两种自动化文本分析方法——共词分析和主题模型分析，归纳了各地方政府“双创”政策的注意力焦点和区域特点，文本分析结果表明了（1）各地方政府“双创”政策的注意力焦点主要呈现在财政资金、成果转化和平台搭建三个方面；（2）政策特征与城市及城市群的主体功能定位紧密联系。提出了“十四五”时期我国区域创新体系的展望：（1）中央政府在顶层设计上要构建科学完善的政策体系，引领地方政府“双创政策的执行与落地；（2）地方政府要因城施策，结合实际情况贯彻落实“双创”政策精神。

Abstract:

For the sake of the implementation of scientific and effective “innovative entrepreneurship” policies, the paper summarizes and reviews relevant literature on "innovative entrepreneurship", urban agglomeration and policy text analysis, combining with municipal governments’ attention to “innovative entrepreneurship” policies as the starting point. The study applies two automated text analysis methods, namely co-word analysis and topic modelling, to 245 policy documents in innovation and entrepreneurship of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen from 2015 to 2019, in order to summarize the regional characteristics and concentration of local governments in their innovation and entrepreneurship policies. According to our results, the focuses of local governments in their innovation and entrepreneurship policies mainly fall in three aspects: funding, the transformation of achievements and the construction of platforms. These characteristics are closely related to the positioning of the functions of these cities and the collaboration among the cities in their own regions. The study puts forward the prospect of my country's regional innovation system during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period: 1. the Central Government should build a scientific and top-level designed political system to guide the implementation of the municipal government's “innovative entrepreneurship” policies; 2. Municipal governments should implement the related policies based on the actual conditions of the city and the spirit of the "innovative entrepreneurship" policy.