内涵式还是外延式：高校科研育人效率的实证分析

Connotation or Epitaxy: Empirical Analysis on the Efficiency of Scientific Research and Talent Cultivation in Colleges and Universities

摘要:

以一流的科研支撑一流的教学是全面振兴本科教育、实现高等教育内涵式发展的内在诉求。为此，从将科研带入教学、将学生带入科研两个维度出发构建科研育人效率的投入指标，从培养质量、创新能力、科研志趣3个维度出发构建产出指标，借助DEA-Malmquist指数方法对2014－2018年我国68所“双一流”建设高校的科研育人效率展开测量，以科学、合理地评价科研育人效率，为高校优化资源配置提供参考。研究发现：总体而言，高校科研育人的全要素生产率呈先减后增趋势，但存在创新薄弱、规模无效的外延式表征，且校际差距较大，其中2015－2016年、2017－2018年呈现收敛特征；分地区而言，西部与东北部高校效率仍待进一步提高；分类型而言，不同类型高校科研育人效率差距不大，专业类高校仍有进步空间。由此，对高校科研育人内涵式发展提出建议：创新科教资源的利用方式，注重科研育人体制机制的创新；加强顶层设计，为科研育人营造良好环境；此外要注意因校制宜，展开错位竞争。

Abstract:

Supporting first-class teaching with first-class research is the internal demand for comprehensively revitalizing undergraduate education and realizing the connotative development of higher education. To this end, the input indicators for the efficiency of education through research are constructed from the two dimensions of "bringing research into the classroom" and "involving undergraduates in research projects", and output indicators are constructed from the three dimensions of training quality, innovation ability, and research interest. In order to scientifically and reasonably evaluate the efficiency of education through research, and to provide a reference for the optimization of resource allocation in universities, this paper uses the DEA-Malmquist index to measure the efficiency of education through research of 68 "double first-class" construction universities from 2014 to 2018. The study found that: in general, the total factor productivity of education through research in colleges and universities shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, but there are extensions of weak innovation, ineffective scale, and large gaps between universities. Among them, 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 showed convergence characteristics. In terms of different regions, the efficiency of universities in the western and northeastern regions still needs to be further improved; in terms of types, there is little gap in the efficiency of education through research among different types of universities, and there is still room for improvement in professional universities. Therefore, suggestions are made for the connotative development of scientific research and talent cultivation in universities: innovate the use of research and education resources, pay attention to the innovation of research and education systems and mechanisms; strengthen top-level design to create a well environment for research and education; pay attention to the development according to the characteristics of the university, launch a dislocation competition.