高校教师专利申请动机影响因素研究

Research on the factors influencing the motivation of patent Application of university teachers

摘要:

专利申请量常被用作衡量大学创新的工具，但大学教师专利申请动机存在多元化现象，简单使用专利申请量来衡量大学的创新活动存在着一定的不合理性。在梳理相关文献的基础上，将大学教师专利申请动机区分为基于创新成果保护的动机、基于个人能力显示的动机、基于组织管理评价的动机3类，基于国内13所高校教师的问卷调查数据，利用有序Probit模型分析影响大学教师不同专利申请动机的因素，并通过负二项回归模型探讨不同的专利申请动机与有效专利数量间的关系。结果表明，确实存在不同的因素影响大学教师的专利申请动机，其中基于创新成果保护动机是最传统的专利申请动机，有利于促使教师申请的专利转化为有效专利；基于显示个人能力动机的专利申请被认为是向外界投资者发出信号，但仍能对有效专利转化产生积极促进作用；而基于组织管理评价动机则是一种策略性行为，对于创新的贡献较小，也不利于促使申请的专利转化为有效专利。由此提出高校制定专利激励制度时应注重专利技术市场发展规律，鼓励基于创新的专利申请动机和行为，同时引入第三方专业机构对教师所申请专利的创新贡献程度进行评价，并为高价值专利提供相应后续服务，以有效地促进创新活动。

Abstract:

The number of patent applications is often used as a tool to measure university innovation. However, the motivations of university teachers to apply for patents are diversified. It is unreasonable to simply use the number of patent applications to measure university innovation activities. On the basis of combing the relevant literature, we divided university teachers' patent application motivations into three categories: motivation based on protection of innovation achievements, motivation based on personal ability display, and motivation based on organizational management evaluation. Based on the questionnaire survey data of 13 domestic college teachers , Use the Ordered Probit model to analyze the factors affecting university teachers’ motivation to apply for patents, and use a negative binomial regression model to explore the relationship between different patent application motivations and the number of effective patents. The results show that there are indeed different factors that affect the patent application of university teachers. Among them, the motivation for protecting innovation achievements is the most traditional patent application motivation, which is conducive to promoting the conversion of patents applied by teachers into valid patents; patent applications based on the motivation of showing personal ability are It is believed that it is a signal to external investors, but it can still positively promote effective patent conversion; while the motivation based on organizational management evaluation is a strategic behavior, which has a small contribution to innovation and is not conducive to promoting the conversion of patent applications. It is a valid patent. Therefore, we propose that when universities formulate patent incentive systems, they should abide by the laws of patent technology market development, encourage innovation-based patent applications, and introduce third-party professional institutions to evaluate the degree of innovation contribution of the patents applied by teachers, and provide high-value patents. Provide corresponding follow-up services to effectively promote innovation activities.