中国科技人才评价转向--基于国家创新系统理论视角

The Turn of China's Scientific and Technological Talents Evaluation: An Analysis Based on the National Innovation System

摘要:

基于国家创新系统理论视角分析表明，中国创新范式的发展和转变直接并从根本上影响着科技人才评价理念。中国的创新范式经历了从计划到市场的转变，将新中国成立70余年来的科技人才评价划分为探索期（1949年至1976年）、起步期（1977年至1994年）、发展推进期（1995年至2005年）、创新突破期（2006年至今）4个阶段，分析总结不同阶段的评价政策及其侧重点。在创新范式的转型中，国家（政府）、科技人才和产业界等不同主体分别从制度创新层面、知识创新层面和技术创新层面推动对科技人才评价的转向，同时公众参与和监督也积极推动科技人才评价的社会转向。最后，从优化评价政策制定模式、加强国际对话及与国内实践应用相结合、实行动态管理、在国家层面建立同行评价专家数据库和建立第三方评价机制等五方面，提出促进中国科技人才评价发展的对策建议。

Abstract:

Based on the perspective of the national innovation system theory, the analysis believes that the development and transformation of China's innovation paradigm directly and fundamentally affect the science and technology talent evaluation. China’s innovation paradigm has undergone a change from "planning" to "marketing". This study dividing the science and technology talent evaluation in the 70 years since the founding of China into the exploratory period (1949-1976), the initial period (1977-1994), the development advancement period (1995-2005), and the innovation breakthrough period (2006-present). Systematically sort out the talent evaluation policies and their priorities at different stages. In the transformation of the innovation paradigm, different subjects such as the state (government), scientific and technological talents and industry have promoted the shift in the evaluation of scientific and technological talents from the perspective of institutional innovation, knowledge innovation and technological innovation. Public participation and supervision have also actively promoted the social shift in the evaluation of scientific and technological talents. Finally, from the five aspects of optimizing the evaluation policy formulation model, strengthening international dialogue and integrating with domestic practice applications, implementing dynamic management, establishing a peer evaluation expert database at the national level, and establishing a third-party evaluation mechanism, this study puts forward suggestions to promote the development of China's scientific and technological talent evaluation.