中国城市创新基础设施的时空特征及其影响因素——基于291个地级及以上城市数据的实证分析

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of China's Urban Innovation Infrastructure and its Influencing Factors——Empirical Analysis based on the data of 291 Prefecture Level and above Cities

摘要:

创新基础设施是推进国家和城市创新发展的重要环节之一。本文以全国291个地级及以上城市为研究对象，根据1995-2018年数据划分创新基础设施的演化阶段，选取2010年和2018年数据，运用Arcgis和GeoDa分析创新基础设施的空间分布特征，构建回归模型分析影响创新基础设施分布的因素。结果表明：①中国创新基础设施按发展情况可分为1995-2010年的初步发展阶段和2010年之后的快速发展阶段。②重大科技基础设施空间分布存在路径依赖，整体呈H型分布，科教基础设施从北京为单核心演变到“北京-上海”双核突出，武汉、南京等城市为次核心的空间格局，产业技术创新基础设施形成“北京-天津”“上海-杭州”“广州-深圳”的双核心共生结构。③创新基础设施空间分布具有一定集聚现象，但集聚度较低，符合胡焕庸线的分布规律，主要集中在京津冀和长三角地区及个别省份的发达城市，东部核心城市的带动作用较强。④总体上，财政政策和创新企业对创新基础设施影响最大，其次是创新人才和金融发展水平，经济发展水平和对外开放水平对创新基础设施的影响取决于不同的经济发展方式。研究成果加深了理论上的认识，对未来如何布局创新基础设施提供了重要依据。

关键词:创新基础设施;时空分布;影响因素;城市;中国

Abstract:

Innovation infrastructure is one of the important links to promote the innovation and development of the country and the city.This paper takes 291 cities at prefecture level and above as the research object, and divides the evolution stage of innovation infrastructure according to the data from 1995 to 2018.This paper selects the data of 2010 and 2018, uses ArcGIS and geoda to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of innovation infrastructure, and constructs a regression model to analyze the factors affecting the distribution of innovation infrastructure.The results show that: ①According to the development situation, China's innovation infrastructure can be divided into the initial development stage from 1995 to 2010 and the rapid development stage after 2010.②There is path dependence in the spatial distribution of major science and technology infrastructure, and the overall distribution is H-shaped.Science and education infrastructure has evolved from Beijing as the single core to the "Beijing Shanghai" dual core, with Wuhan, Nanjing and other cities as the sub core.The industrial technology innovation infrastructure forms a dual core symbiotic structure of "Beijing-Tianjin", "Shanghai-Hangzhou" and "Guangzhou-Shenzhen".③The spatial distribution of innovation infrastructure has a certain agglomeration phenomenon, but the agglomeration degree is low, which is in line with the distribution law of Hu Huanyong line. It is mainly concentrated in the developed cities in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and some provinces, and the driving role of the eastern core cities is strong.④In general, policies and innovative enterprises have the greatest impact on innovation infrastructure, followed by innovative talents and financial development level.The impact of economic development level and opening up level on innovation infrastructure depends on different economic development modes.The research results deepen the theoretical understanding and provide an important basis for how to lay out the innovation infrastructure in the future.

Key words:Innovation infrastructure; Spatiotemporal distribution; Influence factor; City; China