基于已有研究和实践，首先对“众包”概念内涵进行分析，然后对众包与外包的区别、众包与电子商务的区别进行比较研究，最后对众包参与方的动机及众包的运行机制和模型进行剖析。研究发现：相较于外包，众包依赖于社会差异化、多样化的创新潜力，不受空间和距离的限制，交易成本降低，交易行为更为自由；相较于电子商务，众包主要为非标准化服务，不需要物流体系，消费者也可以是生产者；此外，企业进行众包的动机主要是获取外部资源及开放式创新，并通过选择合适的众包模型来参与众包。未来可从参与者、组织、众包系统三个不同的视角对众包问题进行研究。总之，企业通过众包模式可以减少创新成本，获取持续的竞争优势，研究内容具有重要的理论及实践参考意义。

Based on the existing research and practice, firstly the concept of "crowdsourcing" is analyzed, and then the difference between crowdsourcing and outsourcing, the difference between crowdsourcing and e-commerce is compared. Finally, the motivation of crowdsourcing participants and the operation mechanism and model of crowdsourcing are analyzed. The results show that: compared with outsourcing, crowdsourcing relies on the innovation potential of social differentiation and diversification, and is not limited by space and distance, so the transaction cost is reduced and the transaction behavior is more free. Compared with e-commerce, crowdsourcing is mainly a non-standard service, which does not require a logistics system, and consumers can also be producers. In addition, the main motivation for crowdsourcing is to obtain external resources and open innovation, and to participate in crowdsourcing by selecting appropriate crowdsourcing models. Crowdsourcing issues can be studied from three different perspectives: participants, organizations and crowdsourcing systems. In short, enterprises can reduce innovation costs and obtain sustainable competitive advantages through crowdsourcing mode. The research content has important theoretical and practical reference significance.

国家自然科学基金项目“企业双元性跨项目学习的前因及影响效应：基于结构化理论”（71502003）；中国博士后科学基金项目“服务众包平台信任机制研究”（2018M641399）；北方工业大学毓优人才支持计划项目“知识网络视角的知识协同创新研究”(19XN135/015)