医学研究影响评价进展与启示

Progress and Enlightenments of Medical Research Impact Evaluation

摘要:

研究影响评价是一个跨学科新领域，欧美等国家和地区的政府机构与研究组织已将其作为科学决策的实用工具。着眼于医学领域，对国际上研究影响的定义、评价框架、影响分类和评价指标以及评价方法进行总结，发现国际上通常使用混合方法来评价医学研究影响，包括文献计量、同行评议、案例研究和经济学分析等，但需要采用利益相关者访谈验证自制评价框架的有效性；同时目前尚未形成统一、最佳的研究影响框架，影响归因有难度。最后结合实际，针对我国医学研究影响评价提出四点对策建议：科技评价范式由绩效评价转向影响评价；提高科研人员创造、捕捉研究影响的能力；开展符合中国国情的相关理论研究；构建资源库以提供数据支撑等。

Abstract:

Research impact evaluation is an interdisciplinary field. Many government agencies and research organizations in the world have used research impact evaluation as a practical tool for scientific decision-making. This paper focuses on the medical field, introduces the definition of research impact, evaluation framework, impact classification, indicators and evaluation methods, and finds that hybrid methods including bibliometrics, peer review, case study and economic analysis are commonly used to evaluate medical research impacts, but need to apply stakeholder interview to verify the effectiveness of evaluation framework. So far, there is no consensus on the optimal research influence framework, and it is a major challenge about attribution of impacts. Considering China's practical conditions, suggestions including shifting the paradigm of science and technology evaluation from performance evaluation to impact evaluation, improving the ability of researchers to create and capture research impacts, developing medical research impact evaluation theories, building data resources are put forward, which will provide some references for the theoretical and practical research of impact evaluation in medical research in China.