基于BSC的众包创新项目风险识别模型构建及应用研究

Research on the Establishment and Application of Risk Identification Model of Crowdsourcing Innovation Based on BSC

摘要:

众包创新具有组织形式松散、参与者自由自愿和任务复杂多样的特征,导致项目在实践中存在诸多风险而影响创新绩效。考虑到平衡计分卡(Balanced Scorecard,BSC)具有平衡组织内外部要素、兼顾结果与驱动结果的因素、综合财务与非财务目标等优势,从战略视角构建基于BSC的众包创新战略地图,从财务、客户、内部流程、学习与成长四个维度识别影响众包创新目标实现的不确定性因素,得到众包创新项目的风险识别体系。提出整合模糊证据推理、灰色关联分析与FMEA模型的众包创新项目风险评价方法,并以海尔HOPE创新生态平台的“全光谱光源植物生长灯”项目开展应用研究。结果表明：接包方机会主义行为,知识产权归属不明,开放性文化冲突三项风险对该项目后续研发过程的影响最大,并提出相应对策,验证了模型与方法的可行性与有效性。

Abstract:

With the characteristics of loose organization form, free and voluntary participants, complex and diverse tasks, the risks in crowdsourcing innovation project damage innovation's performance seriously. To realize the enterprises' innovation sustainably, BSC has an advantage on it. It can balance internal and external factors, financial and non-financial goals, results and reasons. Therefore, this paper built a BSC-based crowdsourcing innovation strategy map from a strategic perspective, and identified uncertain factors that affect crowdsourcing innovation goals from the four dimensions of finance, customers, internal processes, learning and growth. Further, a risk identification model for crowdsourcing innovation projects was established. On this basis, a risk evaluation method for crowdsourcing innovation projects was proposed, which integrates fuzzy evidence reasoning, grey relational analysis and FMEA models. Finally, the empirical study on the "Full spectrum light source plant growth lamp" project of Haier's HOPE innovation ecological platform was carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the model and method. The results indicated that three risks of opportunistic behavior of the crowdsourcing initiator's opportunistic behavior, unclear attribution of intellectual property rights, and open cultural conflict would increase the uncertainty in the subsequent R&D process of the crowdsourcing innovation project. For that, corresponding measures had been proposed.