基于建筑信息模型的协同建设项目多层次多阶段利益分配机制 —设计采购施工模式情景下

A Multi-level and Multi-stage Benefit Distribution Mechanism of Collaborative Construction Projects Based on the Building Information Model —In the scenario of Design, Procurement and Construction Mode

摘要:

设计采购施工（EPC）模式与建筑信息模型（BIM）融合应用于项目建设能够有效带动建筑行业的转型升级，但不成熟的利益分配机制却阻碍了二者的推广与应用。鉴于此，依据EPC模式下的二元管理制度提出基于宏观层面的两层次利益分配机制，依据BIM在项目全寿命周期的应用特点提出基于微观层面的三阶段利益分配机制。研究结果表明：以委托代理理论为基础构建的第一层次利益分配模型能够保证在业主与总承包商之间信息不对称情形下实现基于BIM的单阶段静态利益分配的公平性与效率性；以重要程度、合作程度以及贡献有效度为依据构建的第二层次利益分配模型能够保证在总承包商与各分包商之间协同合作的情形下实现基于BIM的多阶段动态利益分配的有效性与合理性。最后，提出大中型复杂工程项目建设应签订“固定总价+项目优化奖励”合同、制定柔性利益分配制度，国家提供优惠政策、完善并规范BIM资质认证制度，企业层重视并加大BIM应用投入等对策建议。

Abstract:

The integration of EPC mode and BIM in project construction can effectively transform and upgrade construction industry, but immature benefit distribution mechanism hinders their promotion and application. In view of this, this paper proposes a two-level benefit distribution mechanism based on the macro level according to the binary management system under EPC mode, and a three-stage benefit distribution mechanism, at a micro level, according to the application features of BIM in the whole life cycle of projects. The results show that the first-level benefit distribution model based on the principal-agent theory can ensure the fairness and efficiency of the BIM-based single-stage static benefit distribution under the circumstance of information asymmetry between the owner and the general contractor. The second-level benefit distribution model constructed by importance, cooperation and contribution effectiveness can ensure the effectiveness and rationality of the multi-stage dynamic benefit distribution based on BIM in the cooperation between general contractor and subcontractors. Finally, large and medium-sized complex engineering projects require countermeasures and suggestions, such as Fixed Total Price + Project Optimization Award contract, flexible benefit distribution system, national preferential policies, perfect and standard BIM qualification certification system as well as focus and greater investment for BIM application.