重点研发计划立项分析及对科技计划管理的启示

Analysis on National Key R&D Program of China Project and Its Implication for Science and Technology Program Management

摘要:

针对国家科技计划在“十三五”期间改革后形成的5类计划之一的重点研发计划，基于2016－2019年9月完成的3批立项项目有关信息，从不同领域立项数和立项资助金额、牵头承担单位、立项区域分布等层面进行对比分析。结果发现：国家对重点研发计划项目资助的力度和强度，除了基础配套领域，其他领域每年都有新的类型资助项目增加，社会环境领域项目数和经费数每年都排第一，高新技术领域次之，除了基础配套领域，基础研究领域的重点专项投入最少，农业科技领域重点专项的投入不多且年均下降幅度最大。3批项目中，基础研究、农业科技领域的立项数和经费数明显低于前两个领域。与科研院所、企业相比，高校牵头项目数最多，项目平均经费却最低，这与高校牵头基础研究领域项目最多有一定关系；科研院所总经费和项目平均经费最高，企业某单项经费最高。该计划多数项目分布在北、上、广、江苏等经济发达地区，北京的项目数约是排第二名上海的四倍。基于研究结果，对重点研发计划管理提出充分发挥产学研协同创新效应、区域间互补协调发展、深挖牵头承担单位潜能等建议，同时对国家科技计划管理提出加强顶层设计、提高研发起点、提高评审层次、引领科技发展方向、增设平台咨询服务功能以及以成果转化倒逼高质量实施等对策建议。

Abstract:

National Key R&D Program is one of the five types of programs which was formed after the reformation in the 13th Five-Year Plan period. Based on the information about the three batches of projects completed from 2016 to September 2019, a comparative analysis was conducted from the aspects of the number of approved projects and the amount of funding for the projects in different fields, the leading responsible unit, and the regional distribution of the projects.The results find that except for the basic supporting fields, the strength and intensity of national funding for other fields of key R&D program projects has increased every year in the form of adding new types funded projects. The number of projects and funding in the field of social environment ranked first every year, followed by the field of high technology, the field of basic research has the least funding in the key special projects besides the basic supporting fields, and the field of agricultural science and technology has not much funding in the key special projects and has the largest annual decline. Among the three batches of projects, the number of projects and funds in basic research and agricultural science and technology is significantly lower than the first two fields. Compared with scientific research institutions and enterprises, universities have the most number of leading projects, but the least average project funding, which is related to the fact that universities lead the most projects in the field of basic research. Scientific research institutions have the highest total funding and average project funding, and enterprises have the highest funding for a single project. The majority of the projects of the program are distributed in economically developed regions such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Jiangsu, and the number of projects in Beijing is about four times that of Shanghai which ranks second. On account of the research results, it is suggested that the management of key R&D program should give full play to the synergistic innovation effect of industry-university-research cooperation, guarantee the complementary and coordinated development among regions, and deeply dig the potential of the leading responsible units. While the management of national science and technology program should strengthen the top-level design, raise the starting point of research and development, improve the evaluation level, lead the direction of science and technology development, add the advisory service function of platforms, and force high-quality implementation by transformation of scientific and technology achievements.