基于偏向性技术进步视角的玉米产业节本增效潜力及途径研究[*]

Research on the Potential and Ways of Saving Cost and Increasing Efficiency of Corn Industry Based on the Perspective of Biased Technology Progress

摘要:

基于诱致性技术创新理论，从偏向性技术进步的视角分析玉米产业节本增效途径。研究发现：2004-2018年玉米产业的生产率为降低趋势，主要是因为其技术进步率的降低导致生产率的损失。技术进步对玉米产出增长的贡献率达到40%以上，机械投入对产出增长的贡献率超过30%。玉米产业表现出较强的机械要素替代劳动力要素，但生物化学要素对土地要素的替代效应并没有很显著。玉米产业的技术进步路径表现为从提高土地生产率的生物化学型向提高劳动生产率的机械型技术进步模式转变，这与我国玉米产业技术发展趋势和地理特征有关。研究价值：为玉米产业实现技术进步和节本增效提供参考依据，对促进我国区域玉米技术进步、保证我国粮食安全具有重要理论和现实意义。

Abstract:

Based on the theory of induced technological innovation, the corn industry's cost-saving and efficiency-increasing ways are analyzed from the perspective of biased technological progress. The study found that the productivity of the corn industry from 2004 to 2018 was on a downward trend, mainly due to the loss of productivity due to the reduction in its technological progress rate. The contribution rate of technological progress to the growth of corn output reached more than 40%, and the contribution rate of machinery input to the growth of output exceeded 30%. The corn industry shows a strong substitution of mechanical elements for labor elements, but the substitution effect of biochemical elements on land elements is not very significant. The technological progress path of the corn industry is manifested in the transformation from a biochemical model that improves land productivity to a mechanical technological progress model that improves labor productivity. This is related to the technological development trend and geographic characteristics of my country's corn industry. Research value: It provides a reference for the corn industry to achieve technological progress and cost-saving and efficiency enhancement, and has important theoretical and practical significance for promoting regional corn technology progress in my country and ensuring my country's food security.