农药最大残留限量视角下农药减量化政府监管路径研究*

Government Regulation Approach of Pesticide Reduction from MRL Perspective

摘要:

农产品农药残留问题是制约我国农业供给侧结构性改革的关键因素。本文首先以农药残留引致的多重负外部性问题为导向,分析中国农药最大残留限量(MRL)标准下我国水果蔬菜农药残留情况,并比较不同国家MRL标准下检出农药频次比例、农药残留超标率及超标主要农药和农产品种类等,以探讨农药减量化政府监管的有效路径。研究结果表明,我国水果蔬菜存在农药残留超标以及剧毒等禁用农药残留问题；我国农药MRL标准偏低以及覆盖面较窄是导致农产品农药残留安全隐患的重要因素；提高我国MRL标准及限制外来非标准内农药施用是我国农药减量化政府监管的可行路径。

Abstract:

pesticide residue of agricultural products is the key factor restricting agricultural supply-side structural reform in China. This paper analyzes the pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables under the maximum pesticide residue limit (MRL) standard in China, and compares the frequency ratio of pesticides detected under different MRL standards, the excess rate of pesticide residues and the types of main pesticides and agricultural products. The results show that there are some problems in Chinese fruits and vegetables, such as over-standard pesticides and banned pesticide residues; China"s low standards of pesticide MRL is an important factor leading to the hidden dangers of agricultural products; Improving MRL standards and limiting non-standard pesticides are a feasible way for government regulation of pesticide reduction in China.