美国高校创客空间组织：内涵、架构与启示

Organization of the Academic Makerspace in the United States: Connotation, Structure and Enlightenment

摘要:

美国高校创客空间（academic makerspace）经过多年发展已逐渐成为综合式新型学习空间、全链式创新创业空间和协作式社交开放空间。从物质层、行为层、规范层和精神层对美国高校创客空间进行系统分析，发现美国高校创客空间在物质层注重标准规划与信息融合，在行为层侧重优化迭代与塑造生态，在规范层表现为精干高效和全员参与，在精神层倡导开放包容和多元并存。借鉴美国经验，提出中国高校创客空间应由重视实体空间建设向线上线下结合，由注重创业孵化向创新创业交互迭代，由侧重硬性设施投入向柔性机制完善，由小众外来文化状态向大众本土文化培育推进。

Abstract:

After years of development, academic makerspaces in the United States have gradually become new and comprehensive learning spaces, full-chain innovation and entrepreneurship spaces, and open collaborative social spaces. This paper systematically analyzes the academic makerspaces in the United States from the material level, behavior level, norm level and spiritual level, and finds that at the material level, they focus on standard planning and information fusion; at the behavior level, they put particular emphasis on optimizing iteration and shaping the ecology; at the norm level, they lie in efficiency and full participation; at the spiritual level, they advocate openness, tolerance and diversity. Drawing lessons from the American experience, the paper puts forward that academic makerspace in China should shift from physical space construction to online and offline integration, from entrepreneurial incubation to innovation and entrepreneurship interactive iteration, from investment of hard facilities to the flexible mechanism, and from niche foreign culture to the cultivation of mass local culture.