日本农业科技创新体系的现实特征及对中国的启示

The Realistic Characteristics of Japanese Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation System and Its Enlightenment to China

摘要:

本文通过分析日本在“科技立国”理念指导下建立的农业科技创新的组织体系、政策体系、投入体系的现实特征，为加强中国农业科技创新体系建设提供参考借鉴。研究发现：日本在推动农业科技创新方面构建了包括协调型的农业科技创新管理机制、官产学各具特色并联合开发的农业技术创新机制、多层次农协组织与多元化技术转移机构共存的农业技术推广机制等在内的创新组织体系，有力推动了日本农业发展。其在国家战略层面突出科技创新，形成由政府主导、企业重点参与、农民协作的农业技术创新政策体系，辅以科技人才支持和法制化保护的辅助政策体系，并形成了公共科研机构为主导、企业为主体、大学紧密配合的农业科技创新投入体系。结合我国国情，提出以下启示：加强构建和实施农业科技创新体系建设发展战略，激励农民专业合作经济组织建设，加强高层次农业科技人才培养和人才结构性调整，以及强化企业在农业领域科技创新投入的主体地位。

关键词:农业科技创新;创新组织体系;创新政策体系;创新投入体系;日本

Abstract:

This paper analyzes the practical characteristics of the organizational system, policy system, and input system of agricultural science and technology innovation established by Japan under the guidance of the concept of “building a country by science and technology”, and provides references for strengthening the construction of China's agricultural science and technology innovation system. Research findings: Japan has established a coordinated agricultural technology innovation management mechanism in promoting agricultural technology innovation, an agricultural technology innovation mechanism that has its own characteristics and joint development between government, industry and academia, and multi-level agricultural cooperative organizations and diversified technology transfer institutions coexist. The innovative organization system, including the agricultural technology extension mechanism, has strongly promoted the development of Japan's agriculture. It highlights scientific and technological innovation at the national strategic level, and forms an agricultural technology innovation policy system led by the government, with key participation by enterprises, and collaboration with farmers, supplemented by an auxiliary policy system for scientific and technological talent support and legal protection, and has formed a public scientific research institution as the leading, An agricultural science and technology innovation input system with enterprises as the main body and universities closely cooperating. Based on my country's national conditions, the following enlightenment is proposed: Strengthen the construction and implementation of agricultural science and technology innovation system construction development strategies, encourage the construction of farmers' professional cooperative economic organizations, strengthen the training of high-level agricultural science and technology talents and the adjustment of talent structure, and strengthen enterprises in agriculture the dominant position of investment in scientific and technological innovation in the field.

Key words:agricultural science and technology innovation; innovation organizational system; innovation policy system; innovation input system; Japan