双创背景下影响科研人员创业意愿和行为的因素有哪些？——以上海市科研人员为考察对象的探索性研究

Key factors affecting researchers’ Entrepreneurial Intention and behavior under the background of innovation and entrepreneurship--An exploratory study of Shanghai researchers

摘要:

创业意愿和行为研究是创新创业领域的热点议题,文章基于上海市软科学项目调查数据,分析了个人层面因素(海外经历、社会资本和自我效能感)和环境层面因素(创业政策和创业环境)对科研人员创业意愿和行为的影响。研究发现,科研人员总体创业意愿不强；自我效能感和政策知晓度对科研人员的创业意愿具有显著正向影响；海外经历、社会资本、自我效能感、行政手续便利性、人才培养与引进环境、市场环境和创业意愿均可以促进科研人员创业。基于研究结果及调研,建议地方政府为科研人员提供更多的创业培训指导,提升科研人员的自我效能感；加大政策宣传力度,提高科研人员创业政策知晓度；简化或者优化行政手续,为科研人员创业提供便利；改善地方市场环境、人才培养与引进环境,为科研人员创业和企业经营提供良好营商环境。

关键词:科研人员;创业意愿;创业行为

Abstract:

The research on the entrepreneurial intention and behavior of researchers is a hot topic in the field of innovation and entrepreneurship. This paper developed a model of factors influencing entrepreneurial intention and behavior with personal factors, and micro-environment factors. Using data collected from a survey supported by Shanghai Soft Science Foundation Project, this study analyses the vital factors that have an effect on researchers’ intention and behavior. The findings of the study show that the entrepreneurial intention of researchers is not strong; self-efficacy and policy awareness have significantly positive effects on the entrepreneurial intention; overseas experience, social capital, self-efficacy, administrative approval convenience, talent introduction environment and market environment, and entrepreneurial intentions have significantly positive effects on entrepreneurial behavior. Based on results obtained from the empirical study, related policy proposals were put forward: local governments should provide researchers with more entrepreneurial training and guidance to enhance their self-efficacy; increase policy publicity to increase their awareness of policies; simplify administrative procedures; and improve the local market environment, talent training and introduction environment to provide a good business environment for them to start businesses and run a business.

Key words:Researchers; Entrepreneurial Intention; Entrepreneurial Behavior