国家实验室的跨机构资源管理模式： 美国案例分析及启示

Inter-agency Resource Management Models of National Laboratories: American Case Analysis and Enlightenment

摘要:

为探索我国国家实验室运营管理制度建设路径，从资源管理模式入手，运用案例分析、对比研究等方法，研究美国“大学-国家实验室”合作交互模式。首先，选取麻省理工学院与林肯实验室、卡耐基梅隆大学与软件工程研究所以及加州大学与劳伦斯伯克利实验室3项典型案例，以财务、项目、人员为主要线索，分析资源管理路径中的关键节点和模式特征；其次，对比分析3类资源管理模式的共性与差异，讨论不同管理模式相对优势、选用原因与适用范围；最后，结合国外科研管理先进经验和我国国家实验室运营管理制度建设实际，提出精准匹配大学与国家实验室资源、打通底层资源结算系统、多元化“大学-国家实验室”资源互动模式因事施策、打造基础研究与实战应用有机结合的科研人才梯队等启示建议。

Abstract:

In order to explore the effective route to construct the operation and management system of Chinese national laboratories, the authors investigate the “University-National Laboratory” interactive cooperation mode focusing on the resource management through case study and contrastive analysis. Firstly, three typical cases are selected based on the review of existed issues and former research, including “MIT and Lincoln Laboratory”, “Carnegie Mellon University and Software Engineering Institute” and “The University of California and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory”. Their key points and significant features of resource management routes are analyzed through the main clues including finance, projects, and human resource. Secondly, the similarities and differences of mentioned modes are compared. Besides, the authors demonstrate the application scope and advantages of the selected operation modes. Finally, related enlightening advises are summarized combining the foreign advanced experience of research and development (R&D) management and realistic requirements of constructing and operating Chinese national laboratories, such as 1) Allocate the R&D resource between universities and national laboratories precisely; 2) Connect the different underlying resource and settlement systems; 3) Diversified resource interaction modes should be allowed and applied; 4) Establish a scientific research talent echelon combining basic research and practical application.