中国政府采购促进科技创新政策的组织管理机制及国际比较

Organization Mechanism and International Comparison of China's Government Procurement Policies for Promoting Scientific and Technological Innovation

摘要:

本文以中国和典型国家的政府采购促进科技创新政策文件为研究样板，从法律效力结构的角度运用政策计量工具，分析中国政府在制定此方面政策的组织管理机制；从促进节能环保、促进科技型中小企业发展、促进高新技术产品的政府采购和优先采购国货等四个维度，开展中国政府采购促进科技创新政策的国际比较分析，找出中国与这些国家之间的差异，及亟需解决的问题。研究结果表明，一方面，政策制定时间分布不均匀，需要遵循一定的周期性；绝大部分国家部委参与及主导次数均低于平均值，需要提高其制定政策的参与度；另一方面，需要进一步完善政策工具，包括：建立中小型企业供应商数据库；制定分级制度和后评价制度，制定创新产品和服务的具体实施办法，对进口产品进行分类管理等。

Abstract:

Taking the policy documents of government procurement for promoting scientific and technological innovation in China and major scientific and technological powers as the research sample, this paper uses policy metric tools to analyze the organization mechanism of the Chinese government in formulating the policies from the perspective of legal effectiveness structure; From the four dimensions of promoting energy conservation and environmental protection, promoting the development of scientific and technological small and medium-sized enterprises, promoting the government procurement of high-tech products and giving priority to the procurement of domestic goods, it carries out the international comparative analysis of China's government procurement policies for promoting scientific and technological innovation to find out the differences between China and these countries, and the problems that need to be solved urgently. The results show that, on the one hand, the time distribution of policy-making is uneven and needs to follow a certain periodicity; the participation and leading times of most national ministries are lower than the average, so it is necessary to improve their participation in policy-making. One the other hand, the policy tools need to be further improved, including: establishing a supplier database for small and medium-sized enterprises, formulating the grading system and post evaluation system, formulating the specific implementation measures for innovative products and services, and implementing classified management of imported products.