中小企业数字化转型关键参与主体的行为演化

Behavioral Evolution of Key Participants in Digital Transformation of SMEs

摘要:

从设计奖励机制角度，关注服务商的外力帮扶与合作作用，将政府、服务商与中小企业纳入同一框架，分析推动中小企业数字化转型策略。设置政府对中小企业与服务商分别实施奖励机制、补贴机制和惩罚机制，运用演化博弈方法，将政府、服务商和中小企业作为数字化转型系统的主要参与主体构建三者演化博弈模型，探究政府与服务商参与对中小企业数字化转型的作用机制和影响效果，并利用MATLAB 2018b进行仿真，探讨相关参数对各参与方策略选择的作用机制。结果显示：中小企业、服务商和政府受彼此参与意愿的影响程度存在差异，政府参与意愿的提高对服务商和中小企业积极参与数字化转型影响最大；协同收益及政府惩罚的提高正向影响系统演化，政府补贴和奖励因素具有捆绑效应，两个因素同时降低时有利于系统稳定；政府对服务商补贴力度存在阈值为30%，且补贴力度越接近30%越有利于系统达到理想状态。基于研究结论，推动中小企业积极进行数字化转型应进一步提升中小企业数字化能力，政府实行科学的奖补和惩罚机制，包括适当提高对服务商上云服务的补贴力度和完善服务商社会责任评价制度等。

Abstract:

From the perspective of designing incentive mechanism, this paper pays attention to the external support and cooperation of service providers, integrates the government, service providers and small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) into the same framework, and analyzes the strategies to promote the digital transformation of SMEs. The government is set to implement incentive mechanism, subsidy mechanism and punishment mechanism for SMEs and service providers, respectively. By using evolutionary game method, the government, service providers and SMEs are regarded as the main participants in the digital transformation system to construct the three evolutionary game models. The mechanism and effect of government and service providers’ participation on the digital transformation of SMEs are explored. MATLAB 2018b is used for simulation to explore the mechanism of relevant parameters on the strategic choice of each participant. The results show that SMEs, service providers and governments are affected differently by each other’s willingness to participate. The improvement of government participation willingness has the greatest impact on service providers and SMEs to actively participate in digital transformation. The increase of collaborative income and government punishment has a positive impact on the evolution of the system. Government subsidies and incentives have a binding effect, and the decrease of both factors is conducive to system stability. There is a threshold of 30% for government subsidies to service providers, and the closer to 30%, the more conducive to the system to achieve an ideal state. Based on the research conclusion, promoting the active digital transformation of SMEs should further enhance the digital ability of SMEs, and the government should implement scientific reward and punishment mechanism, including appropriately increasing the subsidies for cloud services of service providers and improving the evaluation system of social responsibility of service providers.