银行业竞争对科技创新效率的影响：信贷配置的中介作用

The Impact of Banking Competition on the Efficiency of Enterprise Technological Innovation: The Intermediary Role of Credit Allocation

摘要:

基于企业科技创新提质增效的现实需要，深入探究银行业竞争如何通过降低信贷成本、提高信贷供给、优化信贷方向进而影响企业科技创新效率。以2010－2019年我国29个省份规模以上工业企业为样本，采用中介效应分析模型实证检验银行业竞争与企业科技创新效率之间的内在联系，并从银行业结构性竞争、产业结构优化水平两方面进行异质性检验，识别出以信贷配置为中介渠道的作用机制。研究发现：银行业竞争通过降低信贷成本、增加信贷供给和优化信贷结构来提高企业研发投入，形成企业创新投入的规模效应，同时通过增强银行对创新项目的筛选能力和创新风险偏好，激励企业提升创新产出质量，带来创新的学习经验曲线效应，从而提高企业的科技创新效率；且这一机制在产业结构优化水平高的地区作用更为显著，同时股份制商业银行对提高企业科技创新效率发挥作用更强。基于研究结论，分别从国家、企业和地方政府层面得到的政策启示为：大力发展股份制银行，鼓励银行业适度竞争；完善企业内部创新激励机制，打造创新型企业；加强金融支持，加快培育现代产业体系。

Abstract:

Based on the practical needs of improving the quality and efficiency of scientific and technological innovation of enterprises, this paper deeply explores how the competition in the banking industry affects the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation of enterprises by reducing the cost of credit, increasing the supply of credit, and optimizing the direction of credit. Taking the industrial enterprises above designated size in 29 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019 as samples, using the intermediary effect analysis model to empirically test the intrinsic relationship between banking competition and innovation efficiency of enterprises, And the heterogeneity test is carried out from the structural competition of the banking industry and the optimization level of the industrial structure, and the mechanism of the credit allocation as the intermediary channel is identified. The paper finds that the banking competition increases the R&D investment of enterprises by reducing credit costs, increasing the credit supply and optimizing credit structure, forming a scale effect of innovation investment; at the same time, by enhancing the screening ability of banks for innovative projects and innovation risk preference and encouraging enterprises to improve the quality of innovative output, which will bring about innovative learning experience curve effect, and thereby the efficiency of scientific and technological innovation of enterprises can be improved.And this mechanism plays a more significant role in areas with a high level of industrial structure optimization, and joint-stock commercial banks play a stronger role in improving the efficiency of enterprise scientific and technological innovation. Based on the research conclusions, the policy inspirations obtained from the national, enterprise and local government levels are: vigorously develop joint-stock banks and encourage moderate competition in the banking industry; improve the internal innovation incentive mechanism of enterprises to create innovative enterprises; strengthen financial support and accelerate the cultivation of modern industries system.