基于专利分析的我国太阳能光伏领域核心技术识别及演化研究

Research on Identification and Evolution of Core Technologies in Solar Photovoltaic Field in China Based on Patent Analysis

摘要:

在碳达峰、碳中和背景下，为识别我国太阳能光伏领域核心技术、把握光伏技术发展趋势，从德温特世界专利索引数据库获取我国1963年至2020年3月太阳能光伏领域专利数据，依据技术生命周期理论将我国光伏技术发展划分为起步期、成长期、成熟期3个阶段，利用关联规则挖掘各时期有价值的技术领域，并通过计算各技术领域间的交叉影响系数及其对整个技术系统的影响贡献率识别核心技术领域，最后建立交叉影响有向网络，分析核心技术领域演化特征。研究发现：我国太阳能光伏技术发展主要以半导体器件为基础，逐步演变为光电转换技术、光伏照明、太阳能电池、光伏建筑一体化等多个技术领域共同作用的发展模式，呈现应用导向型多元化发展。最后，从产业技术升级、优化关键技术两个方面提出对策建议，为我国光伏领域创新发展提供参考。

Abstract:

Under the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, in order to identify the core technology in China's solar photovoltaic field and grasp the development trend of photovoltaic technology, the patent data of China's solar photovoltaic field from 1963 to March 2020 were obtained from Derwent World Patent Index Database. According to the technology life cycle theory, the development of China's photovoltaic technology was divided into three stages: initial stage, growth stage and mature stage. Valuable technical fields in each stage are mined by using association rules. The core technical fields are identified by calculating the cross-influence coefficients among technical fields and their contribution rate to the whole technical system. Then，a directed network with cross-influence is established to analyze the evolution characteristics of core technical fields. Results show that the development of solar photovoltaic technology in China is mainly based on semiconductor devices，and gradually evolves into a development mode in which photoelectric conversion technology，photovoltaic lighting，solar cells，photovoltaic building integration and other technical fields work together，showing application-oriented diversified development. Finally，countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from two aspects：upgrading industrial technology and optimizing key technologies，in order to provide theoretical reference for the innovation and development of photovoltaic field in China.