“双循环”视角下价值链位置与企业创新

Value Chain Position and Enterprise Innovation from the Perspective of Dual Circulation

摘要:

文章试图理清我国企业开展国际贸易对其创新表现的影响是否真的朝国内国际两个市场发展。利用世界投入产出数据和中国工业企业数据、中国海关数据、中国企业专利数据及《中国城市统计年鉴》数据，得到2000－2007年工业企业和地区的相关信息，以企业出口上游度、进口上游度和净上游度为核心解释变量，测算我国企业参与国内国际两个市场的分工位置，通过对全球价值链参与度和企业创新进行回归分析发现，企业通过进口中间品回退到本国进行纯国内生产有助于提升创新能力，同时国内生产环节数的增加促进企业开展创新行为，尤其对于民营企业来说，参与国内生产可以弥补其在国际贸易中的劣势；进而提出宏观经济环境对上述作用存在“强化正向，弱化负向”的调节作用，除了政府宏观引导的作用，企业本身可以通过引进外资和吸引高科技人才两个渠道影响创新的物质和人力条件，以此提升创新能力。

Abstract:

The paper attempts to clarify whether the impact of Chinese enterprises' trade on their innovation performance is really developing towards the domestic and international markets. Using World Input-Output Database, China Industry Business Performance Database, China Customs Data, Chinese enterprise patent data and "China Urban Statistical Yearbook" data, the relevant information of industrial enterprises and regions from 2000 to 2007 was obtained. Taking the enterprise's export upstream degree, import upstream degree and net upstream degree as the core explanatory variables, the position of Chinese enterprises' participation in the division of labor in the domestic and international markets is calculated. Through regression analysis on the degree of participation in the global value chain and enterprise innovation, it is found that enterprises return to their own countries by importing intermediate goods for pure domestic production. Production helps to improve innovation capabilities, and at the same time, the increase in the number of domestic production links promotes enterprises to carry out innovative behaviors, especially for private enterprises, participating in domestic production can make up for their disadvantages in international trade; Furthermore, it is proposed that the macroeconomic environment has an effect on the above effects. In addition to the role of the government's macro-guidance, the regulatory role of "strengthening the positive and weakening the negative", enterprises themselves can influence the material and human conditions of innovation through the introduction of foreign capital and the attraction of high-tech talents, thereby enhancing innovation capabilities.