中外智慧农业的历史演进与政策动向比较分析*

Comparative analysis on historical evolution and policy tendency of smart agriculture in China and abroad

摘要:

智慧农业作为现代信息科技与农业深度融合的重要形态,对农业农村现代化发展产生深远影响,已成为全球现代农业的发展方向。本文基于政府引导视角,通过梳理主要发达国家与中国在支持智慧农业发展的相关战略与政策,考察了中外智慧农业的支持重点与方向。研究表明：全球智慧农业经历了“探索萌芽—起步发展—理论形成—数据驱动”四个阶段；主要发达国家重点围绕农业传感器、农业大数据、智慧农业集成应用与示范等进行战略布局；我国政策演变逻辑表现为“强基础”转向“重示范”、“汇聚部门数据”转向“数据驱动决策”；针对现阶段我国智慧农业研发应用水平与强国目标不匹配问题,建议充分把握新阶段农业高质量发展对智慧农业科技的需求,分类有序推动智慧农业工程落地与产业化发展。

Abstract:

As an important form of deep integration of modern information technology and agriculture, smart agriculture has a profound impact on the development of agricultural and rural modernization, and it has become the development direction of global modern agriculture.SBased on the perspective of government guidance, this paper reviews the relevant strategies and policies of major developed countries and China in supporting the development of smart agriculture, and investigates the support focus and direction of smart agriculture at home and abroad.SThe results show that: the global smart agriculture has experienced four stages, that is exploration germination, initial development, theory formation and data driven;SThe major developed countries focus on the strategic layout of agricultural sensors, agricultural big data, integrated application and demonstration of smart agriculture;SChina’s policy tendency is from strong foundation to heavy demonstration, and from gathering department data to data driven decision;SIn view of the mismatch between the R D and application level of China"s smart agriculture and the goal of becoming a powerful country at the present stage, it is suggested to fully grasp the demand of high-quality agricultural development for smart agricultural science and technology in the new stage, and promote the implementation and industrialization of smart agricultural projects in an orderly manner.