创新生态视阈下小镇创客聚集的影响因素研究

What attracts the gathering of makers?Research on the Influencing Factors of the Formation of Maker Towns

摘要:

本文基于创新生态理论研究创客聚集的影响要素，构建了包括创新政策、制度支持、资源配置、土地支持政策和基础设施五个要素的创客聚集指标体系，并采用三个具有代表性“创客小镇”中563份调查问卷和32个深度访谈的实证资料分析影响创客聚集的因素。研究结果表明，创新政策和基础设施在创客小镇形成的过程中对创客的聚集存在显著影响，资源配置对于创客集聚的影响程度较低，制度支持并不能促进创客集聚意愿，土地支持政策甚至与创客集聚意愿呈现出负作用。对五大要素解释创客集聚意愿的效应分解显示，基础设施对创客小镇吸引创客聚集的贡献程度最高，与传统观点认为创客小镇主要受政策偏好影响不同，本文揭示出基础设施是导致创客集聚最显著的要素。作为更尊重“创客”作为市场主体和创新主体自主选择的创新平台，创客小镇是技术、市场、社区及政策协同演化的结果，需要通过发挥市场、政府两种调控手段的积极作用，打造市场选择和政府支持有效结合的创客小镇复合资源生态圈。

关键词:创客小镇;创新生态系统;创客集聚;基础设施;创新政策

Abstract:

Based on the theory of innovation ecology, this paper studies the influencing factors of maker clustering and constructs the formation mechanism of maker towns including five elements of innovation policy, institutional support, resource allocation, land support policy and infrastructure. And using 563 questionnaires and 32 in-depth interviews from three representative "maker towns" to analyze the factors that affect the gathering of maker. The research results show that innovation policies and infrastructure have a significant impact on the agglomeration of makers in the process of forming a maker town. Resource allocation has a relatively low impact on the agglomeration of makers. Institutional support cannot promote the willingness of maker agglomeration. The support policy even has a negative effect on the willingness to gather creators. The decomposition of the effect of the five factors explaining the willingness of maker agglomeration shows that infrastructure has the highest contribution to the maker town’s attraction to maker’s agglomeration, which is different from the traditional view that maker towns are mainly affected by policy preferences. This paper reveals that infrastructure is the most significant factor in the formation of maker towns As an innovation platform that more respects "Makers" as market entities and independent choices of innovation entities, Maker Town is the result of the co-evolution of technology, market, community, and policy. It needs to play the active role of the market and the government through the two control methods Create a complex resource ecosystem of maker towns that effectively combines market selection and government support.

Key words:Maker Town; Innovation Ecosystem; Maker Cluster; Infrastructure; Innovation Policy