学科竞赛对工科学生创造力的培养效能与改进策略——以某“双一流”重点建设学科高校为例

The cultivation efficiency and improvement strategy of discipline competition to engineering students

摘要:

学科竞赛作为一种综合实践活动,一直是高校培养大学生创造力的重要手段,然而二者间的因果关系尚缺乏明确的阐释和实证支持。本文以某“双一流”重点建设学科高校220名本科生为调查对象,采用准实验研究方法,对其参赛前后的创造力水平进行分组比较,并运用多因素方差分析方法,分析了参赛团队学科交叉水平和指导教师指导频次对创造力变化幅度的影响。结果发现,参加学科竞赛使大学生创造力的四个维度,即研发力、洞察力、执行力、创意力均有显著提升,且提升幅度受到学科交叉和指导频次及其交互作用的影响。同时,从样本中选取其中一个团队作为案例,跟踪其参赛后比赛成果实现转化并进一步产业化,刻画了该作用机理在实践中的复现过程。研究结果有望为高校结合学科竞赛培养创造力的模式形成和效果提升提供借鉴。

Abstract:

As a comprehensive practical activity, discipline competition has always been an important means to cultivate college students" creativity. Unfortunately, the causal relationship between discipline competition and creativity is still lack of clear explanation and empirical support. In this study, 220 undergraduate students from an engineering college are investigated. The quasi-experimental research method is adopted to compare their creativity level before and after participating in the competition. The multi-factor analysis of variance is used to analyze the influence of two factors, interdisciplinary level of the participating team and the guidance frequency of the instructor, on the range of creativity level change. The results show that the participation in discipline competition make students ‘creativity improve in four dimensions, namely, power of research and development, power of insight, power of execution and power of originality. In addition, the extent to which the creativity level improve is influenced by guidance frequency and interdisciplinarity. Then, one scientific research team was selected as a case from the observed sample. The transformation and further industrialization of the competition works by the team were followed. Finally, this study tries to depict the retrieval process of the mechanism in the practice. The research results are expected to provide reference for the model development and performance improvement of creativity cultivating by discipline competitions in higher education.