科研项目创新性定义与类型分析

Definition and Type Analysis of Innovation of Scientific Research Projects

摘要:

对创新的理解不同，直接影响科研项目申请和评审等科技管理工作顺利开展。为此，依据《实用说文解字》，首先从字源和词源角度分析“原创”“创新”“特色”的含义，阐述创新的原始含义，将创新定义为是改进或创造新的事物、方法、元素、路径、环境，并能获得一定有益效果的行为，认为其内涵与国家自然科学基金设立的科学研究项目的关注点相同；基于此，将创新划分为原生性原创、仿生性原创、组合性创新、替代性创新、转用性创新、特色性创新、次序性创新七大类，以期为管理者制定合理的政策导向以及科研项目的立题定位和撰写、项目定性评审和社会性评价提供助力。

Abstract:

Different understandings of innovation, affect the smooth development of scientific and technological management work directly, such as the application and review of scientific research projects. For this reason, first of all, the meaning of "original", "innovative" and "characteristic" is analyzed from the perspective of etymology and etymology. Then, the original meaning of innovation is explained, and innovation is defined as the act of improving or creating new things, methods, elements, paths, and environments that can achieve certain beneficial results, the same as the focus of the scientific research projects established by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. At last, innovation is divided into seven categories: original originality, bionic originality, combinatorial innovation, alternative innovation, diversion innovation, characteristic innovation, and sequential innovation, in order to provide assistance for managers to formulate reasonable policy orientation, as well as the positioning and writing of scientific research projects, project qualitative review and social evaluation.