外商直接投资对地区绿色技术创新的溢出效应研究

The Spillovers Effects of FDI on Regional Eco-Innovation

摘要:

日益严峻的环境问题已然成为制约中国经济发展的一大因素，绿色技术创新有助于实现经济可持续发展和生态环境改善的“双赢”局面，提高绿色技术创新能力是转变经济发展方式和优化产业结构的战略支撑。本文基于中国工业企业数据库，中国城市统计年鉴以及国家知识产权局专利数据库，采用绿色专利数作为地区绿色技术创新的代理变量，利用海岸线距离构造工具变量，考察外商直接投资（FDI）对地区绿色技术创新的溢出效应。实证分析表明，FDI通过知识外溢、示范效应以及竞争效应对地区绿色技术创新产生明显的外溢效应，显著地促进了绿色专利数量的增加。进一步从地区异质性来看，金融生态环境的改善，环境规制水平的提高，外向型经济的发展，均有助于地区绿色技术创新水平的提升。本文的研究为我国政府科学制定外资政策，发挥外资绿色技术创新最大化溢出效应提供可借鉴的思路。

关键词:FDI;绿色技术创新;溢出效应

Abstract:

Increasingly serious environmental problems have become a major factor restricting China's economic development. Green technology innovation helps to realize the "win-win" situation of sustainable economic development and ecological environment improvement. Improving green technology innovation ability is a strategic support for building a modern economic system and thereby transforming the economic development mode and optimizing the economic structure. Based on China industrial enterprises database and China Urban Statistical Yearbook and CNIPA patent database, using the number of green patent applications as a proxy for Regional green technology innovation, and using coastline distance to construct instrumental variables, this study empirically investigates the spillover effects from foreign direct investment (FDI) on the green technology innovation performance of regions. The results show that positive spillovers from FDI take place through contacts between foreign affiliates, demonstration effect and competition effect, which significantly increase the number of green patents from the perspective of Regional heterogeneity, the improvement of environmental regulation and financial ecological environment, and the development of export-oriented economy are all conducive to the improvement of regional green technology innovation level. The research of this paper can be used as a reference for our government to make foreign investment policy scientifically and to maximize the spillover effect of foreign green technology innovation.

Key words:FDI; Eco-innovation; Spillovers effect