法国重大科技基础设施体系概况和建设模式及其启示

General situation and construction mode of major scientific and technological infrastructure in France and Its Enlightenment

摘要:

从整体布局、管理机制、建设模式等角度,基于法国官方披露路线图、审计报告等,分析法国重大科技基础设施建设布局特点与近20年发展趋势,得出结论：(1)设施学科范围持续扩大、跨领域特征明显,能源转型、数据管理和生物健康逐渐成为关注焦点；(2)大型设施数量保持稳定,以材料、核物理和天体物理为主,设施类型从单体式向分布式、虚拟式转变；(3)以核心国立科研机构为管理机构、根据设施性质采取多元管理的模式行之有效；(4)重大科技基础设施的集群化建设符合国家科技创新与产业发展的规律,集群效应在长时间周期不断凸显。

Abstract:

From the overall arrangement, management mechanism and construction mode, based on the Road map of major scientific and technological infrastructures, audit report and other data disclosed by the French government, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the distribution of major scientific and technological infrastructures construction in France and the development trend of the past 20 years. It is concluded that: (1) The discipline scope of the facilities continues to expand, and the cross-cutting characteristics are obvious. With the transformation of national strategic objectives in the new era, Energy transformation, big data management and medical health gradually become the focus of the world. (2) The number of major scientific and technological infrastructures remained stable, focusing on materials, nuclear physics and astrophysics, and the type of facilities changed from single-sited to distributed and virtual. (3) Taking the governmental research organization as the main operator and adopting a multi-management model according to the nature of the facilities is effective, reflecting the target of the state and adopting the opinions of scientific community and local governments. (4) The clusters construction of major scientific and technological infrastructures conforms to the law of national scientific and technological innovation and industrial development, and the cluster effect is constantly highlighted in a long period.