Abstract:National R&D efficiency is a key factor affecting the division of labor in a country in the global value chain. This article uses panel data from 57 countries along the “Belt and Road” to construct a random frontier trans-logarithmic production function to measure the country’s R&D efficiency and its influencing factors. The spatial effect analyzes the spatial heterogeneity of national R&D efficiency, and considers whether the national R&D efficiency has long-term convergence. The main findings: (1) Compared with R&D capital, R&D personnel are the main reliance factor. "Innovative" R&D talents have increasingly become a key factor affecting the improvement of R&D efficiency, and their impact on R&D efficiency is gradually increasing; (2) ) Among the influencing factors of technological inefficiency, there is a substitution effect between variables that have no significant impact on the R&D efficiency of the two stages, such as the scale of national economic development and financial support, and variables that have a significant impact; (3) The overall R&D efficiency of countries along the “Belt and Road” There is a spatial agglomeration effect. The spatial agglomeration effect of patent production efficiency is stronger than the spatial agglomeration effect of new product production efficiency, and the inward spillover effect of patent production efficiency is greater than the outward spillover effect; (4) The overall R&D efficiency of countries (regions) along the “Belt and Road” exists Convergence, there is club convergence in the efficiency of patent production in grouping regions.