国家研发效率是影响一国在全球价值链分工的关键因素，本文运用“一带一路”沿线57个国家的面板数据构建随机前沿超越对数生产函数测度国家研发效率及其影响因素，并基于空间效应分析国家研发效率的空间异质性，同时考虑国家研发效率长期是否存在收敛性。主要发现:(1)相对于研发资本而言，研发人员是主要依赖要素，“创新型”研发人才愈发成为影响研发效率提升的关键因素，其对研发效率的影响是逐渐增强的;(2)技术非效率影响因素中，国家经济发展规模与金融支持等对两阶段研发效率没有显著影响的变量与具有显著影响的变量之间存在替代效应；(3)“一带一路”沿线国家研发效率整体存在空间集聚效应，专利生产效率的空间集聚效应强于新产品生产效率的空间集聚效应，专利生产效率内向溢出效应大于外向溢出效应；（4）“一带一路”沿线国家（区域）整体研发效率存在收敛性，分组区域专利生产效率存在俱乐部收敛。

National R&D efficiency is a key factor affecting the division of labor in a country in the global value chain. This article uses panel data from 57 countries along the “Belt and Road” to construct a random frontier trans-logarithmic production function to measure the country’s R&D efficiency and its influencing factors. The spatial effect analyzes the spatial heterogeneity of national R&D efficiency, and considers whether the national R&D efficiency has long-term convergence. The main findings: (1) Compared with R&D capital, R&D personnel are the main reliance factor. "Innovative" R&D talents have increasingly become a key factor affecting the improvement of R&D efficiency, and their impact on R&D efficiency is gradually increasing; (2) ) Among the influencing factors of technological inefficiency, there is a substitution effect between variables that have no significant impact on the R&D efficiency of the two stages, such as the scale of national economic development and financial support, and variables that have a significant impact; (3) The overall R&D efficiency of countries along the “Belt and Road” There is a spatial agglomeration effect. The spatial agglomeration effect of patent production efficiency is stronger than the spatial agglomeration effect of new product production efficiency, and the inward spillover effect of patent production efficiency is greater than the outward spillover effect; (4) The overall R&D efficiency of countries (regions) along the “Belt and Road” exists Convergence, there is club convergence in the efficiency of patent production in grouping regions.

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国家社科基金项目“产—才—城”适配视域下长三角人才一体化发展的协同机制研究”（项目号：21BGL016）；江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“技术型创业团队的成长机制与培育路径研究”（项目号：2021SJZDA027 ）；江苏省知识产权软科学项目“科创板上市公司创新能力分析及培育路径研究”（项目号：JSIP-2021-R-B04 ）