政策变迁视角下创新生态系统演化研究——以新能源汽车产业为例

Research on the Evolution of Innovation Ecosystem from the Perspective of Policy Change——Take the New Energy Vehicle Industry as an Example

摘要:

在政策变迁视角下构建新能源汽车创新生态系统的“结构-种群-环境”演化分析框架，将我国新能源汽车产业发展分为技术探索、示范推广、快速发展、质量发展四个阶段，基于1991-2021年中国新能源汽车产业的专利联合申请数据，构建产业技术创新专利合作网络。研究结果表明：我国新能源汽车产业政策变迁与创新生态系统演变是一个协同演化的过程，以国家电网为代表的电力公司逐渐成为网络中的核心节点，研究机构和高校成为次要核心节点。创新生态系统主体共生的广度提升而深度降低，中心性和生态位变动较小，在技术上的应变性一直较强。对此应当坚持市场主导和政府引导，遵循产业规律；鼓励核心技术攻关，构建多方深度参与的技术创新网络；促进市场竞争，推动兼并重组；布局自主知识产权体系，助力国际技术竞争。

Abstract:

From the perspective of policy change, this paper builds the "structure-population-environment" evolution analysis framework of the innovation ecosystem of new energy vehicles, and the development of China's new energy vehicle industry can be divided into four stages: technology exploration, demonstration and promotion, rapid development and quality development. Based on the patent joint application data of China's new energy vehicle industry from 1991 to 2021, Establish a patent cooperation network for industrial technological innovation. The research results show that China's new energy vehicle industry policy change and innovation ecosystem evolution is a process of co-evolution, the State Grid Corporation of China company gradually become the core node in network, research institutions and universities gradually become secondary core nodes. The breadth of subject symbiosis increases but the depth decreases, centricity and niche fluctuate less, the technological variability is always strong. And then put forward suggestions to promote the development of new energy vehicle industry: adhere to market leading and government guidance and follow industrial laws; encourage breakthroughs in core technologies and build a technological innovation network with the deep participation of multiple parties; promote market competition and merger and reorganization; lay out a system of independent intellectual property rights to facilitate international technological competition.