美国基础研究政策新动向及对我国的启示

The Trend of American Basic Research Policy and Its Enlightenment to China

摘要:

美国基础研究一直处于领先地位,准确把握美国基础研究政策新动向,有利于为我国新时期基础研究政策调整和制定提供有益借鉴。通过对拜登政府科技决策机制和基础研究政策的新动向进行分析发现,拜登政府重新审视了“科技应有地位”的政策,不仅大幅提升了科学顾问团队地位,拓展了联邦政府的科技管理职能,而且推广ARPA模式来组织基础研究。在政策上,拜登政府持续加大基础研究投入,不断强化应用导向和成果转化导向,并十分重视对基础研究人才的培养和储备。而目前我国基础研究方面还存在着经费投入强度较低、战略需求导向布局不足、供给与需求不匹配、人才成长受到制约等问题。对此,要积极借鉴拜登政府的有益做法,多渠道增加基础研究经费投入规模,健全战略需求导向的基础研究管理机制,强化基础研究的系统发展观,完善基础研究人才队伍培养和管理。

Abstract:

American basic research has always been in a leading position. Accurately grasping the new trend of American basic research policy is helpful to provide useful reference for China"s basic research policy adjustment and formulation in the new period. By analyzing the new trends of Biden government"s science and technology decision-making mechanism and basic research policy, we find that Biden government has re-examined the policy of "due status of science and technology", which not only greatly improves the status of scientific advisory team, but also expands the science and technology management function of the federal government; Continue to increase investment in basic research, continuously strengthen the application orientation and achievement transformation orientation, and attach great importance to the cultivation of basic research talents. At present, there are still some problems in China"s basic research, such as low investment intensity, insufficient strategic orientation layout, mismatch between supply and demand, restricted talent growth and so on. In this regard, we should actively learn from the useful practices of Biden government, increase the investment scale of basic research funds through multiple channels, improve the strategic demand-oriented basic research management mechanism, strengthen the systematic development view of basic research, and improve the training and management of basic research talent team.