支持企业创新的省域政策研究

Research on the provincial policies to support enterprise innovation

摘要:

企业是创新决策、研发投入、科研组织和成果转化的主体，但制约企业创新的体制机制障碍仍然存在。为整体把握企业创新支持政策的现状，明晰政策共性与特性，文章以2011-2020年115份省域企业创新支持政策为研究对象，采用社会网络分析、空间自相关分析、内容分析等方法进行量化分析。研究结果表明：省域企业创新支持政策呈波动下降趋势，且省际差异显著，部分省域围绕地方特色、发展需求积极展开政策创新；针对所有企业的普适型政策和针对特定企业的专一型政策旗鼓相当，专一型政策主要针对科技型企业或高新技术企业；企业创新政策主题按标题划分为四大类，其中任务类政策在数量上具有绝对优势地位，其次是引领类政策和环境类政策，要素类政策数量最少；企业创新支持政策在省域间存在空间相关性，且空间集聚主要体现为普适型政策和引导类政策；政策措施重点强调扶持政策、研发机构与研发平台、企业人才队伍、创新型企业培育、技术创新服务机制和企业技术改造等领域，各地政策措施既具有共性又各有侧重。

Abstract:

Enterprises are the main body of technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization and achievement transformation. However, there are still institutional barriers restricting enterprise innovation. In order to understand the current situation of policies to support enterprise innovation, and clarify the commonalities and differences, this paper takes 115 provincial enterprise innovation support policies from 2011 to 2020 as the research object, and makes quantitative analysis by using social network analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis and content analysis methods. The results show that: Enterprise innovation policy at provincial level showed a fluctuating downward trend, and there is significant difference between provinces. Some provinces actively carry out policy innovation. The number of universal policy for all enterprises is roughly the same as the specific policy for specific enterprises. The specific policy is mainly aimed at science and technology enterprises or high-tech enterprises. The themes of enterprise innovation support policy can be divided into four categories according to titles. Among them, the task type policy has an absolute advantage in quantity, followed by the leading type policy and environmental type policy, and the least were the factor type policy. Enterprise innovation support policy has spatial correlation among provinces, and the spatial agglomeration characteristics is mainly reflected in universal policy and leading type policy. Policy measures focus on supporting policies, R&D institutions and platforms, talent team, the cultivation of innovative enterprise, service mechanism of technological innovation and technological transformation of enterprises. Policy measures in different provinces has both generality and particularity.