宁波市高新技术企业创新效率测度分析 ——基于三阶段数据包络分析模型

Measurement and Analysis of Innovation Efficiency of Ningbo High-tech Enterprises: Based on Three-stage DEA Model

摘要:

测度宁波市高新技术企业创新效率并进一步分析其内部管理水平，为推动其提质增效提供数据支撑。以宁波市2020年认定的1 667家高新技术企业为对象，运用三阶段数据包络分析（DEA）方法构建基于质量指标的企业创新效率评价指标体系，包含投入指标、产出指标和环境变量，从企业所属领域、企业规模等进行多维度对比分析。结果表明：宁波市高新技术企业中仅有占1.62%企业的创新效率达到最佳有效，75.7%的企业创新效率达到一般水平及以上，创新效率仍有较大提升空间；规模效益递增的企业达1 533家，创新效率主要受规模效率影响；外部环境因素对创新效率制约较为显著；创新投入存在冗余浪费，创新资源配置不合理；不同技术领域和规模的企业创新效率差异明显。根据分析结果提出宁波市加强高新技术企业提量提质“两手抓”，加强全流程监管和建立协调联动机制，并进一步改善创新生态等对策。

Abstract:

This paper measures the innovation efficiency of high-tech enterprises in Ningbo and further analyzes their internal management level to provide data support for promoting their quality and efficiency. Taking 1667 high-tech enterprises identified in Ningbo in 2020 as the object, this paper uses the three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to build an evaluation index system of enterprise innovation efficiency based on quality indicators, including input indicators, output indicators and environmental variables, and conducts a multi-dimensional comparative analysis from the field and scale of enterprises.The results show that only 1.62% of high-tech enterprises in Ningbo have achieved the best innovation efficiency, and 75.7% of them have reached the general level or above. There is still much room for improvement in innovation efficiency. The number of enterprises with increasing economies of scale reached 1533. The external environmental factors have more significant constraints on innovation efficiency. There is redundancy and waste in innovation investment. The allocation of innovation resources is unreasonable. The innovation efficiency of enterprises in different technology fields and scales is obviously different. According to the analysis results, it is proposed that Ningbo should strengthen the "two hands" of high-tech enterprises to improve their quality and quantity, strengthen the whole process supervision, establish a coordination and linkage mechanism, and further improve the innovation ecology.