如何开展科研元评价：来自英澳的启示

How to Conduct Meta-evaluation of Scientific Research: Inspiration from Britain and Australia

摘要:

科研元评价发挥着监测科研评价目标达成、完善科研评价方案制定、发现科研评价执行偏差、优化科研评价实施方式、改进科研评价结果使用等重要功能。英国和澳大利亚将元评价作为其科研评价体系保持与时俱进的治理机制，在元评价主体、内容、方法、结果及使用方面对我国建立健全科研元评价制度具有启发价值。具体而言，元评价主体应坚持学术同行与最终用户相结合，元评价内容坚持实证评价与价值评价相结合，元评价方法坚持定量评价与定性评价相结合，元评价结果使用坚持总结性评价与形成性评价相结合。但不容忽视的是，英澳两国的评价规模远小于中国，在评价负担上差异明显，因而必须在参考借鉴域外经验基础上探索适合中国国情的科研元评价制度。

Abstract:

Meta-evaluation of scientific research plays an important role in monitoring the achievement of objectives, perfecting the formulation of evaluation programs, discovering the implementation deviation of evaluation, optimizing the implementation method of evaluation, and improving the use of evaluation results. Britain and Australia take meta-evaluation as a governance mechanism for their research evaluation system to keep pace with The Times, which has enlightening value for China to establish and improve the meta-evaluation system in terms of the subject, content, method, results and its use. Specifically, the subject should adhere to the combination of academic peers and end users, the content should adhere to the combination of empirical and value evaluation, the method should adhere to the combination of quantitative and qualitative evaluation, and the use of results should adhere to the combination of summative and formative evaluation. However, it cannot be ignored that the scale of evaluation in Britain and Australia is much smaller than that in China, and there are obvious differences in evaluation burden. Therefore, it is necessary to explore a scientific research meta-evaluation system suitable for China’s national conditions on the basis of referring to the experience of other countries.