颠覆性技术研发与管理资助体系：分析模型与国外实践

Disruptive technology R D and management funding system: analytical model and foreign practice

摘要:

颠覆性技术因具有破坏性、交叉性、高风险高回报等特点,一旦研发成功,会带来产业的重大变革、国家的竞争力飞跃甚至世界格局的重塑等颠覆性结果。世界上很多国家,特别是科技强国,会通过设立颠覆性技术研发管理机构、出台支持颠覆性技术发展的战略政策、部署颠覆性技术研发项目等方式开展颠覆性技术的研发与管理工作,并形成了不同特色的管理与资助体系。为更加系统、直观的揭示国外典型国家颠覆性技术研发与管理资助情况,本文从技术、项目、机构、国家四层进行建模研究,重点以机构层为例,对美国、欧洲、日本的颠覆性技术研发与管理资助体系开展分析,并通过三维叠加对国外典型国家和地区整体颠覆性技术研发与管理资助体系进行整体归纳分析。

Abstract:

Because disruptive technology is destructive, cross cutting, high-risk and high return, once successfully developed, it will bring disruptive results such as major changes in the industry, a leap in national competitiveness and even the reconstruction of the world pattern. Many countries in the world, especially scientific and technological powers, will carry out the R D and management of disruptive technologies by setting up disruptive technology R D management institutions, issuing strategic policies to support the development of disruptive technologies, deploying disruptive technology R D projects, and have formed management and funding systems with different characteristics. In order to more systematically and intuitively reveal the subversive technology R D and management funding in typical foreign countries, this paper carries out modeling research from the four levels of technology, project, institution and country, focusing on the institutional level to analyze the subversive technology R D and management funding system in the United States, Europe and Japan, The overall subversive technology R D and management funding system of typical foreign countries and regions is summarized and analyzed through three-dimensional superposition.