科技资源配置特别是科研经费配置是科技界、学术界和科研管理部门高度关注和研究的问题，抽签制的提出与应用丰富了科研项目资助的评审方法，有利于促进科研经费的公平分配和科学研究的繁荣发展。利用文献调研法及案例分析法总结归纳抽签制的原理及过程，分析其存在的合理性和使用的局限性，并对新西兰卫生研究理事会、德国大众基金会和瑞士国家科学研究基金会等三个具有代表性的科研机构抽签制进行详细梳理和分析，系统讨论抽签制的理论依据和应用现状。抽签制作为一种创新的科研资助评审方法，具有一定的科学性和适用性，但目前还处于少数国家、特定领域和小范围的试验阶段，未来发展还需广泛开展抽签制试点项目并评估作用效果，研究建立适合经费抽签制的政策制度，合理设置经费抽签制的申请准入门槛。

The allocation of scientific resources, especially research funds, is a matter highly concerned and studied by scientific and academia circles. The proposal and application of lottery enriches the evaluation methods of research funding and is conducive to promoting the prosperity and development of scientific research.This paper uses the literature research method and case analysis method to summarize the principles and process of the lottery, analyzes its rationality and limitations of use, and sorts out the lottery of three representative scientific research institutions of the New Zealand Health Research Council, the German Volkswagen Foundation and the Swiss National Science Foundation in detail. It discusses the application status of the lottery. Lottery is a novel method of research funding review, which has certain scientificity and applicability. However, it is still in a small-scale experimental stage. Future development needs to pay attention to the evaluation of funding effect, improve supporting policies and systems, and reasonably set the entry threshold for lottery.

中国科学院重点资助项目