大学农业科技推广对农业高质量发展的影响——基于新农村发展研究院建设的准自然实验

Impact of University Agricultural Science and Technology Extension on High-quality Development of Agriculture： Quasi-natural Experiment based on Construction of New Rural Development Research Institute

摘要:

为丰富大学农业科技推广对农业高质量发展影响的经验证据，探索推动农业高质量发展的有效途径，将中国2012年启动的“高等学校新农村发展研究院建设计划”视为一次准自然实验，选取江苏、湖南、安徽和浙江四省188个县2010－2019年相关面板数据，采用双重差分模型进行实证分析。结果表明：（1）大学农业科技推广对农业高质量发展具有显著正向影响；（2）促使政府加大财政支农力度和提高土地生产率是大学农业科技推广对农业高质量发展产生正向影响的重要原因；（3）教育部直属高校发起的大学比省属高校开展农业科技推广对农业高质量发展具有更加显著的正向影响，在农业发展基础适中的地区开展大学农业科技推广对农业高质量发展的影响更为明显，校企资源结合型高校比校地资源结合型高校开展农业科技推广对农业高质量发展的正向影响更显著。研究发现为在乡村振兴背景下完善大学农业科技推广运行机制以及推动地方农业高质量发展提供了扩大大学农业科技推广覆盖面、创造适宜高校开展农技推广服务的外部条件、全面加强高校服务地方农业发展的能力以及强化校地校企深度融合等政策启示。

关键词:高校农业科技推广;农业高质量发展;乡村振兴;双重差分

Abstract:

In order to enrich the empirical evidence of the impact of university agricultural science and technology extension on high-quality agricultural development, and explore effective ways to promote high-quality agricultural development, the “Construction Plan of New Rural Development Institute of Colleges and Universities” launched in 2012 in China was regarded as a quasi-natural experiment, and the relevant panel data of 188 counties in Jiangsu, Hunan, Anhui and Zhejiang provinces from 2010 to 2019 were selected for empirical analysis using the difference-in-differences method. The study finds that, (1) University agricultural science and technology extension has a significant positive impact on high-quality agricultural development. (2) Urging the government to increase financial support for agriculture and improve land productivity are the important reasons for positive impact of university agricultural science and technology extension on high-quality agricultural development. (3) Universities directly under the Ministry of Education have a more significant positive impact on high-quality agricultural development than provincial universities. The impact of university agricultural science and technology extension in areas with moderate agricultural development foundation on high-quality agricultural development is more obvious. Compared with the resource combination type of universities and local governments, university agricultural science and technology extension based on the resource combination type of universities and enterprises has a more significant positive impact on high-quality agricultural development. The research findings provide policy implications for improving the operation mechanism of agricultural science and technology extension of universities and promoting the high-quality development of local agriculture under the background of rural revitalization, such as expanding the coverage of agricultural science and technology extension of universities, creating external conditions suitable for universities to carry out agricultural technology extension services, comprehensively strengthening the ability of universities to serve local agricultural development, and strengthening the deep integration of universities, regions, schools and enterprises.

Key words:agricultural science and technology promotion in colleges and universities; high-quality agricultural development; rural revitalization; DIDure; rural revitalization; DID