我国数据安全治理发展趋势、问题与国外数据安全治理经验借鉴

Development trend and problems of China"s data security governance and reference of foreign data security governance experience

摘要:

我国的数据安全治理处于起步阶段，总结国外相关措施经验，为我国数据安全治理提供参考借鉴。从政策、法律、制度、行业等方面分析我国数据安全治理进展，剖析目前在数字基础设施建设、数据保护法律体系、数据安全监管、国家数据主权方面存在的问题；分析美国、德国、日本、韩国的数据安全治理措施，总结得出其主要经验包括加强政府规划引导和数据安全顶层设计、强化法律规范建立数据安全保护体系、加强行业和企业的数据安全管理、规范数据安全治理的规则与标准等。据此提出“十四五”时期完善我国数据安全治理工作的建议：加强数字基础设施建设；完善数据安全治理的法律体系；设立数据保护专职机构；在企业层面强化数据安全机制；重视数据人才培育。

Abstract:

Data security governance in our country is in its infancy stage. It summarizes foreign measures and experiences and provides reference for data security governance in our country. It analyzes the progress of Chinese data security governance from the aspects of policy, law, system and industry, and analyzes the existing problems in the construction of digital infrastructure, legal system of data protection, data security supervision and national data sovereignty. By analyzing the data security governance measures of the United States, Germany, Japan and South Korea, it concludes that their main experiences include strengthening government planning guidance and top-level design of data security, strengthening laws and regulations to establish data security protection system, strengthening the data security management of industries and enterprises, standardizing the rules and standards of data security governance, etc. According to the above, the paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the data security governance of our country during the 14th Five-Year Plan period: strengthening the construction of digital infrastructural facilities; Improve the legal system of data security governance; Setting up a data protection agency; Strengthen data security mechanisms at the enterprise level; Attach importance to the cultivation of data talents.