创新型产业集群效率评价与分解 ——链式结构视角

Efficiency Evaluation and Decomposition of Innovative Industrial Clusters: Chain Structure Perspective

摘要:

试图从定量评价角度对创新型产业集群的运行效率进行评价，实现对创新型产业集群实施有针对性的动态管理。依据创新型产业集群的现实运作过程和已有数据结构，将其运作链解构为科技研发和市场运作两个阶段，以《中国火炬统计年鉴2018》作为基础数据源，建立共享投入的两阶段DEA效率评价模型，测度与分解2017年我国109个创新型产业集群的效率，并进一步就创新型产业集群的个体、行业以及区域的效率差异进行分析。结果表明：各创新型产业集群的市场运作阶段整体表现优于科技研发阶段，未来发展除了要继续发挥集聚式优势外，还要积极践行国家创新战略，加大集群内企业之间的交互；按九大战略性新兴产业划分，新材料创新型产业集群的效率值最高、服务业的效率值最低；按八大经济区域划分，南部沿海的效率值最高，而东北和大西南的效率值相对较低，黄河中游、长江中游、大西南以及东北地区的创新型产业集群的市场运作和科技研发阶段发展较为平衡。

Abstract:

This paper attempts to evaluate the operation efficiency of innovative industrial clusters from the perspective of quantitative evaluation, so as to implement targeted dynamic management of innovative industrial clusters. According to the actual operation process and existing data structure of innovative industrial clusters, the operation chain is deconstructed into two stages of scientific and technological research and development and market operation. With the China Torch Statistical Yearbook 2018 as the basic data source, a two-stage DEA efficiency evaluation model with shared input is established to measure and decompose the efficiency of 109 innovative industrial clusters in China in 2017, and further analyze the efficiency differences of individuals, industries and regions of innovative industrial clusters. The results show that the overall performance of each innovative industrial cluster in the market operation stage is better than that in the scientific and technological research and development stage. Apart from continuing to give full play to the advantages of agglomeration, in order to realize the greater development of innovative industrial clusters in the future, it is also necessary to actively implement the national innovation strategy and increase the interaction between enterprises in the cluster. Furthermore, different division yields different results. If classified under nine strategic emerging industries, the efficiency value of the innovative industrial cluster of new materials is the highest, while that of the service industry is the lowest. When the whole country is divided into eight major economic regions, the efficiency value of the southern coast is the highest, while that of the northeast and the great southwest is relatively low. The market operation and scientific and technological development of innovative industrial clusters in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the Southwest and Northeast China are relatively balanced.