金砖国家信息通信技术/数字化发展水平研究

Research on the ICT/ Digital Development for BRICS Countries

摘要:

本文在国际电信联盟（ITU）曾经使用的信息通信技术发展指数（旧IDI）基础上，提出了改进的信息通信技术/数字化发展指数（新IDI）。2007年以来，金砖五国信息化和数字经济水平均有较大提升，其中四国的信息通信技术/数字化发展水平已达到或接近G20国家中等水平。金砖五国中，俄罗斯ICT接入指数最高，中国、南非和印度ICT接入情况得到了明显改善；中国ICT应用指数增长近3倍，其他四国也在ICT应用领域得到显著提高；在ICT技能上，俄罗斯、中国与南非已有超过90%、巴西为超过85%的国民拥有互联网上交流和使用的条件；总体看来，俄罗斯相关发展水平长期领先，中国、巴西与南非居中，印度与其他四国有一定差距。相比2007年，金砖国家平均信息通信技术/数字化发展指数（IDI）水平在2020年时和G20平均水平的差距已大幅缩小，其提高主要得益于网络建设和普及。据本文分析，IDI与各国在信息通信领域发表的SCI论文数和WOS中的非SCI论文数（不考虑2020年）存在正相关，中国以及巴俄印3国（不考虑2020年）专利数量与IDI指数之间具有一定的正相关，巴西、俄罗斯、南非3国的IDI与本国人均GDP的关联度不显著。

Abstract:

Based on the previous Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Development Index of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the paper proposes a new version of ICT/Digital Development Index. Since 2007, great improvement of informatization and digital economy have achieved in BRICS countries, four of which have approached the intermediate level of ICT/digital development in the G20 countries. Among the BRICS countries, Russia has the highest ICT access index, while China, India and South Africa also have significant improvement in this field; China"s ICT application index nearly quadrupled, and others also improved much in ICT application field; As for ICT skills, more than 90% of citizens in Russia, China and South Africa have the condition to use or communicate on the Internet, and more than 85% of Brazil also have achieved this; In BRISCS, Russia has always been on the forefront in the ICT development, followed by China, South Africa and Brazil, while India still has a certain gap with the other four countries. Compared with 2007, the average ICT/Digital Development Index (IDI) value of the BRICS countries narrowed the gap with G20 average level during this period, mainly attributed to the booming Internet construction and popularization. According to the analysis, the evolution of IDI index shows strong correlation with the number of related SCI and non-SCI papers in WOS (excluding 2020 data), and the number of patents in China, as well as in Brazil, Russia and India (excluding 2020 data) also has the correlation with their IDI index value. However, there is weak correlation with IDI and average GDP values in Brazil, Russia, and South Africa.