科技人力资本迁移的影响因素

The Influencing Factors of Scientific and Technological Human Capital Migration

摘要:

将科技人力资本迁移定义为科技人员将知识技能或学术研究成果进行市场化的创新创业活动。囿于当前科技人员相对缺乏对市场的掌控能力和发现机会的敏锐眼光，国家及有关组织机构对科技人力资本迁移的支持力度不够、科技人员因创新服务意识不足从而难以平衡本职工作与迁移关系等问题，我国人力资本迁移发展滞缓。为此，根据解释结构模型原理构建科技人力资本迁移影响因素层级递阶结构模型，通过查阅国内外相关文献和德尔菲法明确具体影响因素。结果表明：影响科技人力资本迁移的因素有三大类，即表层因素、中间层因素和深层因素。其中，表层因素为创新能力和机会能力；中间层因素为包含预期收益、迁移渠道等10个影响因素；深层因素主要包含角色认同、组织支持和迁移氛围。由此提出政府层面完善政策、提供制度保障，组织层面创新评价方式、营造良好环境，个人层面把握政策精神、提高认识等，促进我国科技人力资本迁移的对策建议。

Abstract:

Abstract: The transfer of scientific and technological human capital is defined as the innovation and entrepreneurship activities of scientific and technological personnel to market their knowledge and skills or academic research results. The development of human capital migration in China is sluggish due to the relative lack of scientific and technological personnel's ability to control the market and their keen vision to find opportunities, the insufficient support of the state and relevant organizations for the transfer of scientific and technological human capital, and the lack of innovative service awareness of scientific and technological personnel, which makes it difficult to balance the relationship between their own work and migration. To this end, a hierarchical structure model of the influencing factors of the transfer of scientific and technological human capital is constructed according to the principle of interpretative structure model, and the specific influencing factors are identified by consulting relevant domestic and foreign literature and Delphi method. The results show that there are three kinds of factors affecting the transfer of scientific and technological human capital, namely, surface factors, intermediate factors and deep factors. Among them, the surface factors are innovation ability and opportunity ability; The middle-tier factors include 10 influencing factors including expected income and migration channels; The deep factors mainly include role identification, organizational support and migration atmosphere. Therefore, it puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve policies, provide institutional guarantees, innovate evaluation methods at the organizational level, create a good environment, grasp the policy spirit at the individual level, improve awareness, and promote the transfer of scientific and technological human capital in China.