国际三大核酸序列数据库的运行与管理模式及对中国的启示

Operation and management models of three major international nucleic acid sequence databases and implications for China

摘要:

针对中国核酸序列数据等人类遗传资源信息管理的重要课题，以GenBank、EBI-ENA、DDBJ作为研究对象，对其总体情况、运行管理机制、全生命周期科学数据管理模式等进行调研与分析，探讨其数据处理流程特点及跨机构数据共享实现过程，为推动中国核酸序列数据库建设及规范化管理与开放共享提供参考。从发展沿革、建设目标、数据库概况等多方面通过多指标对比分析，总结出中国与国际三大核酸序列数据库在平台组织架构、建设目标、数据共享政策、数据资源与服务和国际合作建设这几大方面的不同，由此提出中国应从宏微观两层面制定核酸数据管理政策，加强核酸数据共享平台的部门分工和人才队伍建设、精品数据库开发建设、问题导向的基因组数据综合集成、数据服务能力建设、国际合作，以及优化数据库性能同时重视核酸数据安全管理等政策建议。

Abstract:

To address the important issue of human genetic resources information management such as nucleic acid sequence data in China, this paper takes GenBank, EBI-ENA, and DDBJ as the research objects, investigates and analyzes their general situation, operation and management mechanism, and full life-cycle scientific data management mode, explores the characteristics of their data processing process and the process of cross-institutional data sharing, and provides references for promoting the construction, standardized management and open sharing of nucleic acid sequence databases in China. This study provides a reference for promoting the construction, standardized management and open sharing of nucleic acid sequence databases in China. The differences between the NGDC and the three major international nucleic acid sequence databases in terms of platform organization, construction goals, data sharing policies, data resources and services, and international cooperation are summarized in a comparative analysis of multiple indicators, including development history, construction goals, and database profiles. Based on the analysis, we suggest that the nucleic acid data governance in China should be improved at both macro and micro levels, such as issuing nucleic acid data management policies, strengthening the division of labor and human resources in nucleic acid data sharing platforms, developing high-quality databases, conducting problem-oriented integrated genomic data, building data service capacity, strengthening international cooperation, and optimizing database performance while paying attention to nucleic acid data security management.