“双碳”目标下我国海洋碳汇交易机制进展、面临的挑战及发展策略

Progress, Challenges and Development Strategies of China's Marine Carbon Sink Trading Under the Goal of "Dual Carbon"

摘要:

当前国内外海洋碳汇交易快速发展，但缺乏对全球多元化的海洋碳汇交易机制全面剖析以及对海洋碳汇交易核心市场要素、运行逻辑、关键环节的研究。为此，在梳理海洋碳汇交易有关概念和理论依据的基础上，立足国内外有关最新进展和经验，探讨我国海洋碳汇交易机制构建思路和对策，试图为我国构建实现“双碳”目标的相关政策体系提供决策参考和智力支持。研究指出海洋碳汇交易市场要素包括政府部门、供给和需求方、交易和信息登记机构、科研单位、第三方认证机构以及利益相关者，推动海洋碳汇交易发展需要将政府和市场的力量结合，以科学理论为基础，考虑多重效益，畅通“科学研究－方法学研发－项目开发－审定核证－交易结算”的发展路径，构建完备的项目认证机制及多元化交易机制。基于目标导向和问题导向，针对我国海洋碳汇交易目前存在的组织管理和技术支撑体系有待健全、财政金融支持和法律保障有待提升、助力减排面临多重争议和风险等主要方面问题，给出建立行动计划、完善法律保障，研究科学方法，加强技术支撑，强化财政支持、创新金融服务等三方面的具体对策措施。

Abstract:

At present, the marine carbon sink trading at home and abroad has developed rapidly, but there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the global diversified marine carbon sink trading mechanism and research on the core market elements, operation logic and key parts of the marine carbon sink trading. To this end, on the basis of combing the relevant concepts and theoretical basis of marine carbon sink trading, and based on the latest progress and experience at home and abroad, this paper discusses the ideas and countermeasures for the construction of China's marine carbon sink trading mechanism, and attempts to provide decision-making reference and intellectual support for China's construction of the relevant policy system to achieve the goal of " dual carbon ". Research points out that the elements of the marine carbon sink trading market include government departments, supply and demand sides, trading and information registration agencies, scientific research units, third-party certification agencies, and stakeholders. In order to promote the development of marine carbon sink trading, it is necessary to combine the power of the government and the market, be based on scientific theories, consider multiple benefits, smooth the development path of "scientific research - methodology research - project development - validation and verification - transaction settlement", construct a complete project certification mechanism and a diversified transaction mechanism. Based on goal orientation and problem orientation, in view of marine carbon sink trade existing organization management and technical support system to be improved, financial support and legal protection to be improved, power reduction facing multiple disputes and risk problems, given the following concrete measures, including establishing action plan, improving legal guarantee, researching scientific method, strengthening technical support, strengthening financial support and innovating financial services.